Nutritional Ketoacidosis During Incremental Exercise in Healthy Athletes.

Ketosis, achieved through ingestion of ketone esters, may influence endurance exercise capacity by altering substrate metabolism. However, the effects of ketone consumption on acid-base status and subsequent metabolic and respiratory compensations are poorly described. Twelve athletically trained individuals completed an incremental bicycle ergometer exercise test to exhaustion following the consumption of either a ketone ester [-3-hydroxybutyrate--1,3-butanediol] or a taste-matched control drink (bitter flavoured water) in a blinded, cross-over study.

Multi-resolution polymer Brownian dynamics with hydrodynamic interactions.

A polymer model given in terms of beads, interacting through Hookean springs and hydrodynamic forces, is studied. A Brownian dynamics description of this bead-spring polymer model is extended to multiple resolutions. Using this multiscale approach, a modeller can efficiently look at different regions of the polymer in different spatial and temporal resolutions with scalings given for the number of beads, statistical segment length, and bead radius in order to maintain macro-scale properties of the polymer filament.