Multi-methods process evaluation of the SToP (See, Treat, Prevent) trial: a cluster randomised, stepped wedge trial to support healthy skin.

Background: Healthy skin is important for maintaining overall physical and cultural health and wellbeing. However, remote-living Australian Aboriginal children contend with disproportionally high rates of (Strep A) infected impetigo. The SToP Trial was a large stepped-wedge cluster randomised trial of See, Treat, and Prevent (SToP) skin health activities implemented between 2019 and 2022 in the Kimberley region of Western Australia, during which a decrease in impetigo was observed.

Potential Molecular Targets in the Treatment of Patients with CNS Tumors.

The challenges in identifying effective therapies for CNS tumors continue to be daunting [...

EGFR ligand shifts the role of EGFR from oncogene to tumour suppressor in EGFR-amplified glioblastoma by suppressing invasion through BIN3 upregulation.

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a prime oncogene that is frequently amplified in glioblastomas. Here we demonstrate a new tumour-suppressive function of EGFR in EGFR-amplified glioblastomas regulated by EGFR ligands. Constitutive EGFR signalling promotes invasion via activation of a TAB1-TAK1-NF-κB-EMP1 pathway, resulting in large tumours and decreased survival in orthotopic models.

Primary central nervous system lymphoma: a real-world comparison of therapy access and outcomes by hospital setting.

Background: This study analyzes sociodemographic barriers for primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) treatment and outcomes at a public safety-net hospital versus a private tertiary academic institution. We hypothesized that these barriers would lead to access disparities and poorer outcomes in the safety-net population.

Methods: We reviewed records of PCNSL patients from 2007-2020 ( = 95) at a public safety-net hospital ( = 33) and a private academic center ( = 62) staffed by the same university.

Post-Traumatic Gliomas in Adults: Review of the Case Reports and Studies.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) was first proposed as a potential risk factor for developing a glioma in the 1800s, and conditions for establishing a causal relationship between brain injury and gliomas have since been proposed. Given the medical and legal ramifications, the current literature was reviewed to better understand this possible association. Articles that examined the relationship between TBI and glioma formation in adults and were published in English between 1978 and 2022 were reviewed.

Primary central nervous system sarcomas in adults: A systematic review.

Background: Primary central nervous system (CNS) sarcomas represent a heterogeneous group of rare neoplasms with unclear etiology. Available data on clinical characteristics, treatment strategies, and survival are scarce. We comprehensively reviewed management strategies and outcomes of primary CNS sarcomas in adults.

Anterior temporal lobectomy: A cross-sectional observational study of potential surgical candidates at a single institute.

Background: Epilepsy is a common neurological disorder, associated with serious cognitive, physical, and psychosocial burdens. Mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (mTLE) is the commonest form of focal epilepsy. The aim of this study was to establish the incidence of patients with electroencephalographic epileptiform discharges consistent with mTLE attending a tertiary hospital in South Africa, and determine whether these patients may be candidates for anterior temporal lobectomy.

A Modified Nucleoside 6-Thio-2'-Deoxyguanosine Exhibits Antitumor Activity in Gliomas.

Purpose: To investigate the therapeutic role of a novel telomere-directed inhibitor, 6-thio-2'-deoxyguanosine (THIO) in gliomas both and .

Experimental Design: A panel of human and mouse glioma cell lines was used to test therapeutic efficacy of THIO using cell viability assays, flow cytometric analyses, and immunofluorescence. Integrated analyses of RNA sequencing and reverse-phase protein array data revealed the potential antitumor mechanisms of THIO.

Reversibly Modulating the Blood-Brain Barrier by Laser Stimulation of Molecular-Targeted Nanoparticles.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is highly selective and acts as the interface between the central nervous system and circulation. While the BBB is critical for maintaining brain homeostasis, it represents a formidable challenge for drug delivery. Here we synthesized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for targeting the tight junction specifically and demonstrated that transcranial picosecond laser stimulation of these AuNPs post intravenous injection increases the BBB permeability.

Spectral fitting strategy to overcome the overlap between 2-hydroxyglutarate and lipid resonances at 2.25 ppm.

Purpose: H MRS provides a noninvasive tool for identifying mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). Quantification of the prominent 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) resonance at 2.25 ppm is often confounded by the lipid resonance at the same frequency in tumors with elevated lipids.

Basis for Immunotherapy for Treatment of Meningiomas.

Meningiomas are common tumors that account for approximately one third of CNS tumors diagnosed every year. They are classified by the World Health Organization in grades I-III. Higher grades have an increased rate of growth, invasiveness, rate of recurrence, and worse outcomes than lower grades.

Intrasession Reliability of Arterial Spin-Labeled MRI-Measured Noncontrast Perfusion in Glioblastoma at 3 T.

Arterial spin-labeled magnetic resonance imaging can provide quantitative perfusion measurements in the brain and can be potentially used to evaluate therapy response assessment in glioblastoma (GBM). The reliability and reproducibility of this method to measure noncontrast perfusion in GBM, however, are lacking. We evaluated the intrasession reliability of brain and tumor perfusion in both healthy volunteers and patients with GBM at 3 T using pseudocontinuous labeling (pCASL) and 3D turbo spin echo (TSE) using Cartesian acquisition with spiral profile reordering (CASPR).

Predictors of prognosis of synchronous brain metastases in small-cell lung cancer patients.

Patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) are more likely to have synchronous brain metastasis (SBM) at the time of diagnosis than patients with any other extracranial primary malignancy. We sought to identify which factors predicted an increased risk of SBM in SCLC as well as which factors affected the prognosis of these patients. 38,956 Patients in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database with microscopically confirmed SCLC from 2010 to 2016 were identified.

Occurrence of Glioma in Pregnant Patients: An Institutional Case Series and Review of the Literature.

Background/aim: Gliomas present a uniquely challenging clinical situation in the context of pregnancy, with no standard recommendations. This case series aimed to describe the treatment regimen and outcomes of five pregnant patients with gliomas.

Patients And Methods: This is a retrospective study.

Prolonged Steroid Dependence in Adult Patients With Glioma.

Background/aim: Prolonged use of glucocorticoids (GC) in glioma treatment can lead to adrenal insufficiency (AI) and subsequent steroid dependence due to suppression of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. This is challenging to diagnose due to its nonspecific clinical symptoms erroneously ascribed to treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the risk factors predisposing patients with gliomas to develop AI.

NRG/RTOG 1122: A phase 2, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study of bevacizumab with and without trebananib in patients with recurrent glioblastoma or gliosarcoma.

Background: Targeting vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) alone does not improve overall survival (OS) in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM). The angiopoiein (Ang)-TIE2 system may play a role in tumor survival under VEGF inhibition. We conducted a phase 2, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial of bevacizumab plus trebananib (a novel Fc fusion protein that sequesters Ang1/Ang2) over bevacizumab alone in rGBM.

Glycine by MR spectroscopy is an imaging biomarker of glioma aggressiveness.

Background: High-grade gliomas likely remodel the metabolic machinery to meet the increased demands for amino acids and nucleotides during rapid cell proliferation. Glycine, a non-essential amino acid and intermediate of nucleotide biosynthesis, may increase with proliferation. Non-invasive measurement of glycine by magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was evaluated as an imaging biomarker for assessment of tumor aggressiveness.

In vivo MRS measurement of 2-hydroxyglutarate in patient-derived IDH-mutant xenograft mouse models versus glioma patients.

Purpose: To generate a preclinical model of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutant gliomas from glioma patients and design a MRS method to test the compatibility of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) production between the preclinical model and patients.

Methods: Five patient-derived xenograft (PDX) mice were generated from two glioma patients with IDH1 R132H mutation. A PRESS sequence was tailored at 9.

Review of rituximab in primary CNS lymphoma.

Primary CNS lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare intracranial tumor. Several treatment regimens exist, but there is no one established standard of care regimen. This article reviews the effects of the addition of rituximab to induction chemotherapy for PCNSL patients.

Adult Primary Peripheral PNET/Ewing's Sarcoma of the Cervical and Thoracic Spine.

This case report describes a patient with a rare occurrence of primary spinal intramedullary Ewing's sarcoma (ES) in the cervical and thoracic spine. The older age of disease occurrence, uncommon location in the cervical and thoracic spine, and EWSR1 gene fusion as the basis of diagnosis are unique features of this case. There is no clear protocol for treatment of primary extraskeletal ES of the spine, with controversy between evidence for pursuing surgery versus a combination of radiation and chemotherapy.

Efficacy of EGFR plus TNF inhibition in a preclinical model of temozolomide-resistant glioblastoma.

Background: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant adult brain tumor. Temozolomide (TMZ) is the standard of care and is most effective in GBMs that lack the DNA repair protein O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT). Moreover, even initially responsive tumors develop a secondary resistance to TMZ and become untreatable.

Seizures in glioma patients: An overview of incidence, etiology, and therapies.

Gliomas are fatal brain tumors, and even low-grade gliomas (LGGs) have an average survival of less than a decade. Seizures are a common presentation of gliomas, particularly LGGs, and substantially impact quality of life. Glioma-related seizures differ from other focal epilepsies in their pathogenesis and in the likelihood of refractory epilepsy.