A contemporary, multiinstitutional analysis of transcription factor lineage in pituitary adenomas: comparative study of neuroimaging, histopathology, and clinical outcomes.

Objective: Pituitary adenomas (PAs) are common lesions that often present with endocrinopathy and/or visual symptoms. Classification of PAs has historically been based on functional status and histopathological staining of anterior pituitary hormones. In 2017, the WHO revised the classification of PAs, establishing cell lineages identified by the transcription factors (TFs) PIT1, TPIT, and SF1.

Predictors of biochemical remission after transsphenoidal surgery in a large cohort of acromegaly patients.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to characterize the clinical characteristics and factors predictive of biochemical remission in patients with symptomatic acromegaly undergoing transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) at an academic tertiary care center, as defined by the 2022 Acromegaly Consensus Conference guidelines.

Methods: In this single institution, longitudinal, retrospective study, a large cohort of 158 patients with a preoperative diagnosis of acromegaly undergoing surgery at a large, academic, tertiary care center were examined. We excluded 38 patients as IGF-1 testing was performed less than 12 weeks postoperatively.

Interactive effects of CO, temperature, and nitrate limitation on the growth and physiology of strain CCMP 1334 of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Cyanophyceae).

The marine cyanobacterium Synecococcus sp. (CCMP 1334) was grown in a continuous culture system on a 12:12 h light:dark cycle at all combinations of low and high pCO (400 and 1000 ppmv, respectively), nutrient availability (nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete conditions), and temperatures of 21, 24, 28, 32, and 35°C. The maximum nutrient-replete growth rate was ~1.

Redefining cerebellar assessment: A comprehensive review of the cerebellum's cognitive and affective roles and the efficacy of CCAS scales.

Background: Emerging research expands our understanding of the cerebellum beyond motor control to include cognitive, emotional, and autonomic functions. This review examines the cerebellum's complex role, spotlighting Schmahmann's syndrome, or cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS), which impairs executive functions, language, and spatial processing. It emphasizes advancements in diagnosing CCAS and the imperative of developing superior diagnostic tools for managing cerebellar pathologies effectively.

Differential effects of warming on the complexity and stability of the microbial network in and wetlands in Yancheng, Jiangsu Province, China.

The impact of climate warming on soil microbial communities can significantly influence the global carbon cycle. Coastal wetlands, in particular, are susceptible to changes in soil microbial community structure due to climate warming and the presence of invasive plant species. However, there is limited knowledge about how native and invasive plant wetland soil microbes differ in their response to warming.

Intrasellar Arachnoid Diverticulae as a Risk Factor for Intraoperative Cerebrospinal Fluid Leakage in Patients Undergoing Endoscopic Transsphenoidal Surgery.

Background And Objectives: Intrasellar arachnoid diverticulae can often be identified on preoperative imaging in patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal surgery. The objective of this study was to characterize arachnoid diverticulae both qualitatively and quantitatively in a large institutional cohort of patients with pituitary tumors and to evaluate its association with intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak.

Methods: Preoperative imaging studies of 530 patients who underwent primary endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary tumors were examined both quantitatively and qualitatively for the presence of an intrasellar arachnoid diverticulum.

Morphological Classification of Pituitary Tumors With Suprasellar Extension.

Background And Objectives: The objective of this study was to study the association among various morphological parameters and surgical outcomes in pituitary macroadenomas with suprasellar extension.

Methods: MRI studies of 160 patients undergoing endoscopic transsphenoidal resection of pituitary macroadenomas with suprasellar extension were reviewed. In the coronal plane, tumors were classified into Type 1 (dome-shaped, no constriction at the level of diaphragma sellae) and Type 2 (dumbbell-shaped, with constriction at the level of diaphragma sellae).

Clinical Implications of Pituitary Adenomas Exhibiting Dual Transcription Factor Staining: A Case Series of 27 Patients.

Objective: According to the 2017 World Health Organization classification of neuro-endocrine tumors, pituitary adenomas (PAs) are classified according to immunoexpression of the pituitary-specific transcription factors (TFs). A small subset of PAs exhibit multiple TF staining on immunohistochemistry and we present a series of 27 pathologically-confirmed cases of dual TF staining PAs (dsTF-PAs), and report clinically relevant implications.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of a multi-institutional database of patients with PAs surgically resected between 2008-2021 was performed.

Global dataset of soil organic carbon in tidal marshes.

Tidal marshes store large amounts of organic carbon in their soils. Field data quantifying soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks provide an important resource for researchers, natural resource managers, and policy-makers working towards the protection, restoration, and valuation of these ecosystems. We collated a global dataset of tidal marsh soil organic carbon (MarSOC) from 99 studies that includes location, soil depth, site name, dry bulk density, SOC, and/or soil organic matter (SOM).

Pituitary adenoma or neuroendocrine tumour: the need for an integrated prognostic classification.

In the 2022 fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Endocrine Tumours and of Central Nervous System Tumours, pituitary adenomas are reclassified as neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). This change confers an oncology label to neoplasms that are overwhelmingly benign. A comprehensive clinical classification schema is required to guide prognosis, therapy and outcomes for all patients with pituitary adenomas.

Postoperative Serum Cortisol and Cushing Disease Recurrence in Patients With Corticotroph Adenomas.

Context: In Cushing disease, the association between the rate of serum cortisol decline and recurrent disease after corticotroph adenoma removal has not been adequately characterized.

Objective: To analyze postoperative serum cortisol and recurrence rates in Cushing disease.

Methods: Patients with Cushing disease and pathology-confirmed corticotroph adenoma were retrospectively studied.

Long-Term Changes in the Size of Pituitary Microadenomas.

Background: The estimated prevalence of pituitary lesions is 10% to 38.5% in radiologic studies. However, how frequently these incidental lesions should be monitored by serial pituitary magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) remains unclear.

Vascular anomalies in patients with growth hormone-secreting pituitary adenomas: illustrative case report and systematic review of the literature.

Purpose: Endonasal resection is the first-line treatment for patients harboring growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas. The complexity of the parasellar neurovascular structures makes pre-operative diagnostic imaging essential to understanding the anatomy of this region. We aimed to describe vascular anomalies in acromegalic patients and emphasize their relevance for surgery and preoperative planning.

Hajek and Hirsch: Otolaryngology Pioneers of Endonasal Transsphenoidal Pituitary Surgery.

Objective: To evaluate the historical descriptive origins of the extracranial transnasal transsphenoidal route to the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica focusing on the works of two otolaryngologists: Markus Hajek (1861-1941) and Oskar Hirsch (1877-1965).

Data Sources: A collection of primary references of author publications, and contemporary references and textbooks.

Review Methods: Primary references were reviewed with specific focus on surgical routes to the sphenoid sinus and sella turcica.

A national stratification of the global macroeconomic burden of central nervous system cancer.

Objective: Country-by-country estimates of the macroeconomic disease burden of central nervous system (CNS) cancers are important when determining the allocation of resources related to neuro-oncology. Accordingly, in this study the authors investigated macroeconomic losses related to CNS cancer in 173 countries and identified pertinent epidemiological trends.

Methods: Data for CNS cancer incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were collected from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 database.

The Hitchhiker Position in Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery.

Background: Technically and ergonomically correct positioning is essential in endoscopic transsphenoidal pituitary surgery.

Objective: To propose a safe, ergonomic approach to conduct endoscopic endonasal pituitary and skull base surgery in large patients without sacrificing important aspects of current standard practice.

Methods: The patient's right arm is outstretched and secured in a supine position, with the primary surgeon standing in the axillary area.

Spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the sediment and soils of the Yancheng coastal ecosystem and associated ecological risks.

Studies of heavy metal pollution are essential for the protection of coastal environments. In this study, positive matrix factorization (PMF) and a GeoDetector model were used to evaluate the sources of heavy metal contamination and associated ecological risks along the Yancheng Coastal Wetland. The distribution of heavy metals was shown to be greatly affected by clay content, except for Cr in shoal.

A Surgical Perspective on the Association between Cystic Lesions of the Pineal Gland (Descartes' Seat of the Soul) and the Pituitary (the Master Gland).

 Rene Descartes (1596-1650), the famous philosopher and scientist, identified the pineal gland as the only cerebral structure not represented bilaterally, the "seat of the soul"; and the source of rational thought. Pineal cysts (PCs) are often incidentally identified in MRI studies, with a reported prevalence of 1 to 4.3%.

Interactive effects of CO , temperature, irradiance, and nutrient limitation on the growth and physiology of the marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus (Cyanophyceae).

The marine cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus was grown in a continuous culture system to study the interactive effects of temperature, irradiance, nutrient limitation, and the partial pressure of CO (pCO2) on its growth and physiological characteristics. Cells were grown on a 14:10 h light:dark cycle at all combinations of low and high irradiance (50 and 300 μmol photons ⋅ m ⋅ s , respectively), low and high pCO (400 and 1000 ppmv, respectively), nutrient limitation (nitrate-limited and nutrient-replete conditions), and temperatures of 20-45°C in 5°C increments. The maximum growth rate was ~4.

Elevated pCO changes community structure and function by affecting phytoplankton group-specific mortality.

The rise of atmospheric pCO has created a number of problems for marine ecosystem. In this study, we initially quantified the effects of elevated pCO on the group-specific mortality of phytoplankton in a natural community based on the results of mesocosm experiments. Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community, and the concentration of chlorophyll a was significantly higher in the high-pCO treatment than the low-pCO treatment.

Characterization of a paradoxical post-operative increase in serum cortisol in Cushing disease.

Purpose: In Cushing disease, early post-operative serum cortisol fluctuations have not been adequately characterized, and their association with initial remission and recurrence is unclear.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study of patients with Cushing disease was conducted at two institutions. A "riser" was defined a priori as a paradoxical increase in serum cortisol with an immediate incremental increase in serum cortisol over three consecutive cortisol draws separated by roughly 6-h (definition 1).