Signal-averaged P wave area increases during respiratory events in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: P wave characteristics change during simulated apneic events in individuals with atrial fibrillation (AF). This study sought to assess whether similar changes occur during nocturnal respiratory events in patients with AF and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Methods: Thirty-five individuals with severe OSA who underwent formal polysomnography and subsequent AF ablation were compared to a matched group without AF.

Neurotrophic factor-related gene polymorphisms and adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) score in a high-risk male population.

Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a widely under-reported but nevertheless common condition with a clear heritable component. Several genes have been proposed to play a role in the childhood onset of this neurodevelopmental disorder; however, association studies of persistence of ADHD into adulthood have rarely been performed. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are known to be involved in several aspects of neuronal development and neural plasticity in adults.