Designing a Measure of Body Image: Cognitive Interview Findings from an Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Sample.

A cancer diagnosis in adolescence and young adulthood significantly impacts a person's quality of life, particularly concerning identity, self-esteem, and subsequently, body image. This study aims to develop a psychometrically-sound patient-reported outcome measure of body image for adolescent and young adult (AYA) oncology patients that was guided by the National Institutes of Health's Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System® (PROMIS) Scientific Standards and our past concept elicitation interviews with AYAs. We conducted a multi-step approach involving item identification, refinement, generation; translatability and reading level review; and cognitive interviews.

A Scoping Review of Animal Models for Development of Abdominal Adhesion Prevention Strategies.

Introduction: Abdominal adhesions represent a chronic postsurgical disease without reliable prophylaxis. Animal modeling has been a cornerstone of novel therapeutic development but has not produced reliable clinical therapies for prevention of adhesive small bowel obstruction. The purpose of this scoping review is to analyze animal models for abdominal adhesion generation by key considerations of external validity (i.

How parent stress and COVID-19 impact on the family are associated with parental pressure to eat during COVID-19.

This study aimed to assess how parent stress and COVID-19 impact on the family are associated with parental pressure to eat during the COVID-19 pandemic. Parents of healthy preschool-aged children completed measures including pressure to eat (Child Feeding Questionnaire), parent perception of their stress (Perceived Stress Scale), household food insecurity (Hunger Vital Sign) and effects of COVID-19 on families (COVID-19 Exposure and Family Impact). Children (N = 228) were racially, ethnically, and socioeconomically diverse (34 % Black, 15 % Hispanic, and 29 % with household income <$20,000).

A survey-based study: assessing inpatient attending perspectives on teaching learners, feeling valued, and symptoms of burnout.

Background: Physician burnout is rising, especially among academic physicians facing pressures to increase their clinical workload, lead administrative tasks and committees, and be active in research. There is a concern this could have downstream effects on learners' experiences and academic physician's ability to teach learners on the team.

Methods: A 29-question RedCap survey was electronically distributed to 54 attending physicians within an academic learning health system who oversaw the General Medicine inpatient teaching services during the 2022-2023 academic year.

Differences in maternal and paternal pressure to eat and perception of household responsibilities.

Controlling feeding practices, such as pressure to eat, are associated with a child's disinhibited eating and extremes in bodyweight. We aimed to explore which factors are associated with parent dyads' pressuring feeding practices, including how mothers and fathers perceive the sharing of household tasks such as mealtime and child feeding responsibilities. In this cross-sectional study, parent dyads (mother and father) of healthy preschool-aged children completed an identical questionnaire consisting of measures of picky eating (food fussiness subscale of Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire), parental concern for undereating, and pressure to eat (Child Feeding Questionnaire).

A randomized controlled trial of intermittent theta burst stimulation to the medial prefrontal cortex for tobacco use disorder: Clinical efficacy and safety.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of administering intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) to the medial prefrontal cortex for tobacco use disorder.

Methods: A randomized sham-controlled trial was conducted, with 38 participants receiving 28 sessions of active (n=25) or sham (n=13) iTBS (2 sessions/day, 600 pulses/session, 110% resting motor threshold, AFz target) along with smoking cessation education (Forever Free © booklets) over 14 visits. Primary outcomes included self-reported cigarette consumption and abstinence, verified by urinary cotinine tests.

Availability of Specialty Services for Cardiovascular Prevention Practice in the Southeastern United States.

Objectives: A comprehensive cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention approach should address patients' medical, behavioral, and psychological issues. The aim of this study was to understand the clinician-reported availability of a pertinent CVD preventive workforce across various specialties using a survey study in the southeastern United States, an area with a disproportionate burden of CVD and commonly known as the Stroke Belt.

Methods: We surveyed physicians, advanced practice providers (APPs), and pharmacists in internal medicine, family medicine, endocrinology, and cardiology regarding available specialists in CVD preventive practice.

Specialty preference for cardiovascular prevention practice in the Southeast US and role of a preventive cardiologist.

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention is practiced concurrently by providers from several specialties. Our goal was to understand providers' preference of specialties in CVD prevention practice and the role of preventive cardiologists.

Materials And Methods: Between 11 October 2021 and 1 March 2022, we surveyed providers from internal medicine, family medicine, endocrinology, and cardiology specialties to examine their preference of specialties in managing various domains of CVD prevention.

Telehealth Use and Access to Neurology Outpatient Clinical Services for Children: An Observational Cohort Study.

Background: Access to neurology services is important for children's well-being. We sought to evaluate the effects of telehealth on pedi-atric neurology appointment outcomes for children.

Methods: Using electronic health record (EHR) data, information about children with pediatric neurology appointments in a tertiary care children's hospital in North Carolina was collected.

Are Physician Assistants Able to Correctly Identify Prescribing Errors? A Cross-Sectional Study.

Purpose: (1) To describe how often physician assistant (PA) students correctly identify prescribing errors and (2) examine between-cohort differences on ability to correctly identify prescribing errors.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 2 cohorts of PA students at one institution. Students were presented with 3 hypothetical prescriptions, 2 of which contained a prescribing error.

A Pilot Study Examining the Association of Parental Stress and Household Food Insecurity with Dietary Quality in Pre-School-Aged Children.

Adequate dietary quality is necessary for children's appropriate development and may be influenced by family factors. This study with 24 healthy 3-5-year-old children assessed the associations of parental stress and household food insecurity (HFI) with a child's dietary quality. Parents completed three 24 h dietary recalls, and the Healthy Eating Index was calculated to assess dietary quality.

Audio or Video? Access to Pediatric Neurology Outpatient Services Varies by the Type of Telehealth, Especially for Black Children.

Background: Children of minority race/ethnicity face barriers to accessing specialty services. During the COVID pandemic, health insurance companies reimbursed telehealth services. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of audio versus video visits on children's access to outpatient neurology services, particularly for Black children.

IMOVE: Protocol for a randomized, controlled 2x2 factorial trial of improvisational movement and social engagement interventions in older adults with early Alzheimer's disease.

Background: In addition to cognitive impairment, people with Alzheimer's disease (PWAD) experience neuropsychiatric symptoms (e.g., apathy, depression), altered gait, and poor balance that further diminish their quality of life (QoL).

The association of food insecurity with mental health in preschool-aged children and their parents.

Background: Household food insecurity (HFI) is associated with poor general and mental health. Prior studies assessed parent and child mental health separately and did not assess other social risks.

Objective: To assess the relationship between HFI and both parental and child mental health.

Validation of the Lee-Jones theoretical model of fear of cancer recurrence among breast cancer survivors using a structural equation modeling approach.

Objective: The Lee-Jones model posits that antecedent individual and interpersonal factors predicate the development of fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) through cognitive and emotional processing, which further to behavioral, emotional, and/or physiological responses. We analyzed data from FoRtitude, a FCR intervention grounded in the Lee-Jones FCR model, to evaluate associations between FCR antecedents, resources (e.g.

Smoking and Radiation-induced Skin Injury: Analysis of a Multiracial, Multiethnic Prospective Clinical Trial.

Introduction: Smoking during breast radiotherapy (RT) may be associated with radiation-induced skin injury (RISI). We aimed to determine if a urinary biomarker of tobacco smoke exposure is associated with increased rates of RISI during and after breast RT.

Patients And Methods: Women with Stage 0-IIIA breast cancer treated with breast-conserving surgery or mastectomy followed by RT to the breast or chest wall with or without regional nodal irradiation were prospectively enrolled on a multicenter study assessing acute/late RISI.

Adaptation and factor structure of three psychometric instruments measuring behavioral aspects of medication prescribing in physician assistants.

Objectives: (1) Present the factor structure of two psychometric instruments for self-efficacy and one for outcome expectations of medication prescribing; (2) evaluate the reliability of the scales, and (3) present preliminary evidence of validity.

Methods: Physician assistants (PA) and PA students completed a survey evaluating three psychometric instruments: (1) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing (SEP), (2) Self-Efficacy in Prescribing-Geriatric (SEPG), and (3) Outcomes Expectations of Prescribing Errors (OEP). Students also evaluated 3 hypothetical prescriptions, two of which contained a prescribing error.

Parental concerns about picky eating and undereating, feeding practices, and child's weight.

Objective: Parents' concerns about their child's feeding may lead parents to pressure their child to eat, which may lead to a greater risk for obesity. We aimed to assess if parental concerns for picky eating and undereating are associated with pressure to eat and increased child BMI z-score (BMIz).

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study of 328 parents of healthy preschoolers assessing parent concerns about picky eating (Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire) and child undereating ("Are you concerned …doesn't eat enough?"), parent pressure to eat (Child Feeding Questionnaire), and covariates.

Development and validation of a COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy scale for adults in the United States.

COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed. However, widespread uptake remains a hurdle to a successful pandemic response. A simple, user-friendly survey to measure vaccine hesitancy may facilitate development of interventions aimed at maximizing vaccination.

Properties of the Shift and Persist Questionnaire in adolescent and young adult cancer patients and survivors: Validity, consistency, and interpretability.

Purpose: The Shift and Persist model provides an informative framework to understand how adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients and survivors (ages 15-39) may withstand stress and thrive despite adversity. The goal of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Shift and Persist Questionnaire (SPQ) in this population and provide guidelines for interpretation.

Methods: AYA cancer patients and survivors were recruited via an online research panel.

Focus group study of factors relevant to treatment decisions and experiences among patients with symptomatic peripheral artery disease.

Background: Clinical guidelines recommend shared decision-making for treatment of peripheral artery disease (PAD), which requires understanding of patient perspectives and preferences. We conducted a focus group study of patients with symptomatic PAD to identify factors important and relevant to treatment choices, and to characterize aspects of the health care process that contribute to positive vs negative experiences apart from the specific treatment(s) received.

Methods: Participants were recruited from an academic medical center over 2 years using a purposeful sampling approach based on a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic PAD (either claudication or chronic limb-threatening ischemia [CLTI]) confirmed by the abnormal ankle or toe brachial index.

Evaluation of the Linear Composite Conjecture for Unidimensional IRT Scale for Multidimensional Responses.

The linear composite direction represents, theoretically, where the unidimensional scale would lie within a multidimensional latent space. Using compensatory multidimensional IRT, the linear composite can be derived from the structure of the items and the latent distribution. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the validity of the linear composite conjecture and examine how well a fitted unidimensional IRT model approximates the linear composite direction in a multidimensional latent space.

Gradient and Acceleration of Decline in Physical and Cognitive Functions in Older Adults: A Disparity Analysis.

Background: Substantive previous work has shown that both gait speed and global cognition decline as people age. Rates of their decline, as opposed to cross-sectional measurements, could be more informative of future functional status and other clinical outcomes because they more accurately represent deteriorating systems. Additionally, understanding the sex and racial disparity in the speed of deterioration, if any, is also important as ethnic minorities are at an increased risk of mobility disability and dementia.