10 practical priorities to prevent and manage serious allergic reactions: GALEN ANACare and EFA Anaphylaxis Manifesto.

This Anaphylaxis Manifesto calls on communities to prioritise 10 practical actions to improve the lives of people at risk of serious allergic reactions. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network and the European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations (EFA) compiled patient-centric priorities. We used qualitative consensus methods, research evidence and feedback from over 200 patient groups, stakeholder organisations and healthcare professionals.

EAACI guidelines on the management of IgE-mediated food allergy.

This European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) guideline provides recommendations for the management of IgE-mediated food allergy and was developed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Following the confirmation of IgE-mediated food allergy diagnosis, allergen avoidance and dietary advice (with support of a specialised dietitian, if possible) together with the provision of a written treatment plan, education on the recognition of allergic symptoms and prescription of medication including adrenaline using an auto-injector are essential. Patients with significant anxiety and requirement for coping strategies may benefit from support from a clinical psychologist.

Multifocal motor neuropathy is not associated with altered innate immune responses to endotoxin.

Objective: Antibody- and complement-mediated peripheral nerve inflammation are central in the pathogenesis of MMN. Here, we studied innate immune responses to endotoxin in patients with MMN and controls to further our understanding of MMN risk factors and disease modifiers.

Methods: We stimulated whole blood of 52 patients with MMN and 24 controls with endotoxin and collected plasma.

Measurement of IgE to hazelnut allergen components cannot replace hazelnut challenge in Dutch adults.

Background: Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) help predict hazelnut allergy (HA) in children, but are of unknown diagnostic value in adults. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of IgE to hazelnut extract and components in adults.

Methods: A Dutch population of consecutively presenting adults suspected of HA, who underwent a double-blind placebo-controlled food challenge, were included.

Seeking diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for childhood bacterial pneumonia in sub-Saharan Africa: study protocol for an observational study.

Introduction: Clinically diagnosed pneumonia in children is a leading cause of paediatric hospitalisation and mortality. The aetiology is usually bacterial or viral, but malaria can cause a syndrome indistinguishable from clinical pneumonia. There is no method with high sensitivity to detect a bacterial infection in these patients and, as result, antibiotics are frequently overprescribed.

Systemic and local evidence for complement involvement in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU), including the mechanism of action of omalizumab, remain unclear. We hypothesized complement system involvement given the often fast clinical response induced by treatment, including omalizumab. Therefore, we assessed the role of various complement factors surrounding omalizumab treatment.

Allergy: Type I, II, III, and IV.

Hypersensitivity reactions are overreactions of the immune system clinically seen as allergic and autoimmune diseases. Gell and Coombs originally described four different types of hypersensitivity reactions almost 60 years ago, and their description still applies in large parts. However, some modifications and extensions have been included in original definition.

COVID-19 pandemic and allergen immunotherapy-an EAACI survey.

Background: As in many fields of medical care, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in an increased uncertainty regarding the safety of allergen immunotherapy (AIT). Therefore, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) aimed to analyze the situation in different countries and to systematically collect all information available regarding tolerability and possible amendments in daily practice of sublingual AIT (SLIT), subcutaneous AIT (SCIT) for inhalant allergies and venom AIT.

Methods: Under the framework of the EAACI, a panel of experts in the field of AIT coordinated by the Immunotherapy Interest Group set-up a web-based retrospective survey (SurveyMonkey ) including 27 standardized questions on practical and safety aspects on AIT in worldwide clinical routine.

Accurate Prediction of Peanut Allergy in One-Third of Adults Using a Validated Ara h 2 Cutoff.

Background: The diagnostic value of peanut components is extensively studied in children, but to a lesser extent in adults with suspected peanut allergy. The use of peanut components in daily practice may reduce the need for double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs); however, validation studies are currently lacking.

Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic value of (combined) peanut components and validate a previously found Ara h 2 cutoff level with 100% positive predictive value (PPV) in adults with suspected peanut allergy.

Use of biologicals in allergic and type-2 inflammatory diseases during the current COVID-19 pandemic: Position paper of Ärzteverband Deutscher Allergologen (AeDA), Deutsche Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Klinische Immunologie (DGAKI), Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Allergologie und Umweltmedizin (GPA), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (ÖGAI), Luxemburgische Gesellschaft für Allergologie und Immunologie (LGAI), Österreichische Gesellschaft für Pneumologie (ÖGP) in co-operation with the German, Austrian, and Swiss ARIA groups, and the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).

Background: Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, the treatment of patients with allergic and atopy-associated diseases has faced major challenges. Recommendations for "social distancing" and the fear of patients becoming infected during a visit to a medical facility have led to a drastic decrease in personal doctor-patient contacts. This affects both acute care and treatment of the chronically ill.

Basophil Stimulation and Signaling Pathways.

Despite the growing use of flow cytometry to analyze the functional characteristics of basophils, the intracellular signaling cascades that control their ability to elaborate various pro-allergic and inflammatory mediators and cytokines remain comparatively obscure. Additionally, some studies require the analysis of pro-allergic and inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, LTC, and various basophil-derived cytokines (e.g.

Immunology of COVID-19: Mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics, and perspectives-A report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI).

With the worldwide spread of the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS-CoV-2-induced coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies.

COVID-19 pandemic: Practical considerations on the organization of an allergy clinic-An EAACI/ARIA Position Paper.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has evolved into a pandemic infectious disease transmitted by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Allergists and other healthcare providers (HCPs) in the field of allergies and associated airway diseases are on the front line, taking care of patients potentially infected with SARS-CoV-2. Hence, strategies and practices to minimize risks of infection for both HCPs and treated patients have to be developed and followed by allergy clinics.

Confirmation of multiple endotypes in atopic dermatitis based on serum biomarkers.

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a highly heterogeneous disease, both clinically and biologically, whereas patients are still being treated according to a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Stratification of patients into biomarker-based endotypes is important for future development of personalized therapies.

Objective: Our aim was to confirm previously defined serum biomarker-based patient clusters in a new cohort of patients with AD.

Handling of allergen immunotherapy in the COVID-19 pandemic: An ARIA-EAACI statement.

[Image: see text]

Response of FcεRI-bearing leucocytes to omalizumab in chronic spontaneous urticaria.

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and the mechanism of action of omalizumab in CSU remain unclear.

Objective: In this study, we assessed the responsiveness and FcεRI expression of various subsets of leucocytes in patients with CSU treated with omalizumab.

Methods: In this prospective cohort study, 30 patients were treated with 6 administrations of 300 mg omalizumab every 4 weeks, followed by a follow-up period of 12 weeks.

Management of Cow's Milk Allergy from an Immunological Perspective: What Are the Options?

The immunological mechanism underlying Immunoglobuline E (IgE)-mediated cow's milk allergy has been subject to investigations for many years. Identification of the key immune cells (mast cells, B cells) and molecules (IgE) in the allergic process has led to the understanding that avoidance of IgE-crosslinking epitopes is effective in the reduction of allergic symptoms but it cannot be envisioned as a treatment. For the treatment and prevention of IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy, it is thought that the induction of a sustained state of immunological tolerance is needed.

Dupilumab is very effective in a large cohort of difficult-to-treat adult atopic dermatitis patients: First clinical and biomarker results from the BioDay registry.

Introduction: Dupilumab has recently been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults. Daily practice data on dupilumab treatment are scarce.

Objective: To study the effect of 16-week treatment with dupilumab on clinical response and serum biomarkers in adult patients with moderate-severe AD in daily practice.

Biomarkers and clinical characteristics of autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria: Results of the PURIST Study.

Background: Autoimmune chronic spontaneous urticaria (aiCSU) is an important subtype of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) in which functional IgG autoantibodies to IgE or its high-affinity receptor (FcεRI) induces mast cell degranulation and subsequent symptom development. However, it has not been tightly characterized. This study aimed to better define the clinical and immunological features and to explore potential biomarkers of aiCSU.

[AR101: therapy for peanut allergy finally in view?].

AR101: therapy for peanut allergy finally in view? Worldwide, the incidence of peanut allergy is increasing. Spontaneous tolerance only occurs in a small percentage of children who are allergic to peanuts. To date, no treatment for this potentially life-threatening condition has been proven effective.