The bacterial microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis: Richness, diversity, postoperative changes, and patient outcomes.

Background: The bacterial microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains poorly understood. Microorganisms are believed to be important contributors to the inflammatory response seen in these patients.

Objective: To examine the bacterial CRS microbiome by using a pyrosequencing technique and determine the diversity, richness, prevalence, and abundance of bacterial species in these patients.

Sinonasal microbiome sampling: a comparison of techniques.

Background: The role of the sino-nasal microbiome in CRS remains unclear. We hypothesized that the bacteria within mucosal-associated biofilms may be different from the more superficial-lying, free-floating bacteria in the sinuses and that this may impact on the microbiome results obtained. This study investigates whether there is a significant difference in the microbiota of a sinonasal mucosal tissue sample versus a swab sample.

The fungal microbiome in chronic rhinosinusitis: richness, diversity, postoperative changes and patient outcomes.

Background: Our understanding of fungi in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been limited by previously employed detection techniques. This study examines the fungal component of the microbiome in CRS patients and controls using a highly sensitive culture-independent molecular technique. The aims of this study include the characterization of fungal richness, prevalence, abundance, temporal changes, and their relationship with patient outcomes.

Safety and efficacy of topical bacteriophage and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment of Staphylococcus aureus infection in a sheep model of sinusitis.

Background: Treatment of sinonasal bacterial biofilms continues to be a challenge in modern rhinology. This study's objective was to assess the safety and efficacy of topically applied Cocktail of S. aureus specific phage (CTSA) alone and in combination with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) for treatment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vivo.

Probiotic manipulation of the chronic rhinosinusitis microbiome.

Background: Staphylococcus aureus (SA) is a key pathogenic component of the chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) microbiome and is associated with increased disease severity and poor postoperative outcomes. Probiotic treatments potentially offer a novel approach to the management of pathogenic bacteria in these recalcitrant patients through supporting a healthy community of commensal species. This study aims to investigate the probiotic properties of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE) against SA in a mouse model of sinusitis.

The microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis: culture, molecular diagnostics and biofilm detection.

Background: Bacteria and fungi are believed to influence mucosal inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). However their presence and relationship to disease is debated. This study used multiple detection methods to compare microbial diversity and microbial abundance in healthy and diseased sinonasal mucosa.

The bacteriology of chronic rhinosinusitis and the pre-eminence of Staphylococcus aureus in revision patients.

Background: The role of bacteria in the etiopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) remains an area of interest. The impact of surgery and factors such as the presence of polyps, asthma, and aspirin sensitivity on the bacterial state are poorly understood. To determine the effect of these factors, this study examines the culture results from a large cohort of CRS patients.

Bacterial-induced epithelial damage promotes fungal biofilm formation in a sheep model of sinusitis.

Background: Fungal biofilms have been discovered in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients, but factors contributing to their establishment are obscure. A recent animal study showed bacterial co-inoculation was required. We examine the role of 4 bacterial species and a cilia toxin on fungal biofilm formation in a sheep sinusitis model.