Comparative Outcomes of Candida auris Bloodstream Infections: A Multicenter Retrospective Case-Control Study.

Background: This study was performed to compare clinical characteristics and outcomes between patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) caused by Candida auris and those with BSIs caused by other Candida spp.

Methods: A multicenter retrospective case-control study was performed at 3 hospitals in Brooklyn, New York, between 2016 and 2020. The analysis included patients ≥18 years of age who had a positive blood culture for any Candida spp.

Diagnosing Common Deadly Infections in the Era of COVID-19: A Case Report.

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged clinicians to recognize COVID-19 as one of the diagnostic explanation for common presentations, including fever, cough, and shortness of breath. Latent tuberculosis is responsible for 80% of active tuberculosis cases in the United States, and presentation can vary from asymptomatic to disseminated disease. This potential diagnosis should be thoroughly investigated in foreign-born patients in US hospitals, regardless of travel history and presenting symptoms.

Pneumocystis pneumonia in a treatment-naive rheumatoid arthritis patient.

A HIV-negative, newly diagnosed patient with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) was found to have pneumonia. The infection was treated with three weeks of atovaquone and corticosteroids. Clinicians should be aware of pneumocystis pneumonia as an infection in RA patients not receiving treatment.

striatum bacteremia associated with cellulitis in a patient with cirrhosis.

are a bacteria usually associated as a contaminant due to their presence in normal human skin and mucosal membranes. However, they are increasingly becoming recognized as an opportunistic pathogen. can be pathogens in immunocompromised patients or those with malignancies or prosthetic devices.

Tuberculosis-immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-infected patient: A case report.

We describe a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) secondary to reactivation of in an HIV-infected patient with a high CD4+ cell count, who presented with a generalized seizure 6 weeks after starting antiretroviral therapy (ART). In our patient, the inflammatory response resulted in radiological features of neurological, pulmonary, and lymph node (LN) tuberculosis- (TB) IRIS, without the typical symptoms. Diagnosis was confirmed by LN biopsy and acid-fast bacilli (AFB) culture of LN and sputum.

Newly diagnosed AIDS with neurosyphilis, Kaposi sarcoma, pancytopenia, oropharyngeal candidiasis, and pseudomonal pneumonia: We shouldn't be seeing this anymore.

The incidence of new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections is declining and is half of what it was in the mid 1990s. We present a case of newly diagnosed HIV with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), Neurosyphilis, Kaposi Sarcoma, and multiple opportunistic infections. Although this type of patient was not uncommon in the pre-antiretroviral era, we do not often see such a constellation of conditions in a single individual.

Results of a Quality Improvement Project Aimed at Eliminating Healthcare Waste by Changing Medical Resident Test Ordering Behavior.

Background: In light of rising healthcare costs and evidence of inefficient use of medical resources, there is growing interest in reducing healthcare waste by clinicians. Unwarranted lab tests may lead to further tests, prolonged hospital stays, unnecessary referrals and procedures, patient discomfort, and iatrogenic anemia, resulting in significant economic and clinical effects. Blood tests are essential in guiding medical decisions, but they are also associated with significant financial and clinical costs.

Case report on pulmonary disease due to coinfection of and : Difficulty in diagnosis.

, which is ubiquitous environmental organism, is more likely to cause pulmonary infection in the presence underlying lung disease and immunosuppression. We report a case of pulmonary disease due to coinfection of (MTB) and in an immunocompetent patient without underlying lung disease. Healthcare professionals should be aware of co-infection with MTB , and treatment should be based on clinical suspicion and/or epidemiological circumstances.

endocarditis with destruction of the ventricular septum and multiple native valves.

is a coagulase negative staphylococcus (CoNS) that can cause destructive infective endocarditis. , unlike other CoNS, should be considered to be a pathogen. We report the first case of endocarditis causing ventricular septal defect and destruction of the aortic and mitral valves.

Does Alkaline Colonic pH Predispose to Clostridium difficile Infection?

Objectives: Clostridium difficile caused nearly 500,000 infections and was associated with approximately 29,000 deaths in 2011, according to data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. C. difficile is a bacterium that causes diarrhea and, often, severe illness in healthcare facilities, as well as the community.

Artesunate-related fever and delayed hemolysis in a returning traveler.

Malaria is a serious and sometimes fatal disease caused by an intraerythrocytic parasite, and is commonly seen in developing countries. Approximately 1500 cases of malaria are diagnosed in the United States each year, mostly in travelers and immigrants returning from endemic areas [1]. There are many different regimens used to treat malaria, some of which are not approved in the USA.

Epidemiology and outcome of infections with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria treated with polymyxin B-based combination therapy.

Introduction: Infections with carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (CRGNB) are increasing and are associated with a high mortality. Synergistic effects of combination therapy with a polymyxin, carbapenem, and rifampin have been observed in in vitro studies. Clinical data are limited to retrospective studies.

Presumed cases of mumps in pregnancy: clinical and infection control implications.

Recently, a mumps outbreak in New York and New Jersey was reported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Subsequently, the dissemination of the disease was rapid, and, from June 28th 2009 through January 29th 2010, a total of 1,521 cases of mumps were reported in New York and New Jersey. Seven presumed cases occurred in pregnant women cared for at our institution.

Spinal epidural abscess in hemodialysis patients: a case series and review.

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is a rare but potentially devastating condition. We noticed an increase in the number of cases of SEA, with the majority in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This prompted a retrospective chart review of all cases of SEA admitted from 2000 to 2005 and a literature search of similar cases.

Systemic absorption of oral vancomycin in patients with Clostridium difficile infection.

Oral vancomycin is utilized in the treatment of severe Clostridium difficile infection (CDI). We prospectively measured serum vancomycin concentrations (SVC) in patients treated with oral vancomycin. The SVC was measured by immunoassay prior to, and at least 3 days after, the administration of oral vancomycin 125 mg every 6 h.

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis after cardiac surgery.

The authors present a single-patient interventional case report of endogenous fungal endophthalmitis (EFE) in a patient with an implanted prosthetic device. A 74-year-old man underwent a double coronary artery bypass graft with a bioprosthetic pericardial valve and transvenous dual chamber pacemaker. Four months later, he presented with EFE.

Fluconazole induced toxic epidermal necrolysis: a case report.

Drug induced toxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens Johnson syndrome are more commonly associated with medications such as sulfonamides, penicillin, anticonvulsants, oxicam non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, allopurinol and corticosteroids. Isolated instances secondary to drugs outside of the aforementioned classes have also been reported. We report a case of probable toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by fluconazole in a 52 year old woman.

Endocapsular cellulomonas as a cause of persistent postoperative endophthalmitis.

Sequestration of bacteria within the capsular fornices after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation can cause both acute and chronic inflammation. A case of persistent postoperative endophthalmitis caused by capsular sequestration of Cellulomonas is described. The patient underwent uncomplicated cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation and subsequently developed acute postoperative endophthalmitis.

Parenteral polymyxin B use in patients with multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteremia and urinary tract infections: a retrospective case series.

Background: Parenteral polymyxin use declined after the 1960s, due to safety concerns. An increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) gram-negative infections and a shortage of new agents have prompted increased use of parenteral polymyxin.

Objective: To describe our clinical experience with parenteral polymyxin B for MDR gram-negative bacteremia and urinary tract infection (UTI).

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in hospital nursery and maternity units.

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) has rarely been reported in the hospital setting. We report an outbreak of 7 cases of skin and soft tissue infections due to a strain of CA-MRSA. All patients were admitted to the labor and delivery, nursery, or maternity units during a 3-week period.