Bone-marrow macrophage-derived GPNMB protein binds to orphan receptor GPR39 and plays a critical role in cardiac repair.

Glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) is a type I transmembrane protein initially identified in nonmetastatic melanomas and has been associated with human heart failure; however, its role in cardiac injury and function remains unclear. Here we show that GPNMB expression is elevated in failing human and mouse hearts after myocardial infarction (MI). Lineage tracing and bone-marrow transplantation reveal that bone-marrow-derived macrophages are the main source of GPNMB in injured hearts.

Managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life: A review.

Severe vision impairment and blindness in childhood have a significant health burden on the child, family and society. This review article seeks to provide a structured framework for managing the apparently blind child presenting in the first year of life, starting from a comprehensive history and examination. Different investigation modalities and the increasingly important role of genetics will also be described, in addition to common causes of severe vision impairment.

Protein Kinase N1 Level Predicts Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Introduction: The objective of this study was to examine the utility of protein kinase N1 (PKN1) as a biomarker of cardiac surgery-associated AKI (CSA-AKI).

Methods: A prospective cohort study of 110 adults undergoing on-pump cardiac surgery was conducted. The associations between post-operative PKN1 and CSA-AKI, AKI severity, need for renal replacement therapy (RRT), duration of AKI, length of ICU stay, and post-operative hospital stay were evaluated.

A ketogenic diet can mitigate SARS-CoV-2 induced systemic reprogramming and inflammation.

The ketogenic diet (KD) has demonstrated benefits in numerous clinical studies and animal models of disease in modulating the immune response and promoting a systemic anti-inflammatory state. Here we investigate the effects of a KD on systemic toxicity in mice following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data indicate that under KD, SARS-CoV-2 reduces weight loss with overall improved animal survival.

Pannexin 1 targets mitophagy to mediate renal ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury contributes to the development of acute kidney injury (AKI). Kidney is the second organ rich in mitochondrial content next to the heart. Mitochondrial damage substantially contributes for AKI development.

Characterization of -3-Methylglutaconyl CoA-Dependent Protein Acylation.

3-methylglutaconyl (3MGC) CoA hydratase (AUH) is the leucine catabolism pathway enzyme that catalyzes the hydration of -3MGC CoA to 3-hydroxy, 3-methylglutaryl (HMG) CoA. In several inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), however, metabolic dysfunction can drive this reaction in the opposite direction (the dehydration of HMG CoA). The recent discovery that -3MGC CoA is inherently unstable and prone to a series of non-enzymatic chemical reactions provides an explanation for 3MGC aciduria observed in these IEMs.

Spectrum of ocular disease in children aged between 0 and 3 years at an Australian paediatric tertiary hospital.

Background: Childhood ocular disease can be a significant health burden to the child, family and society. Previous studies have examined the spectrum of paediatric ocular disease presenting to tertiary hospitals; however, these studies have broader age ranges, smaller sample sizes, and are largely based in developing countries. This study aims to assess the spectrum of ocular disease in the first 3 years of life presenting to the eye department of an Australian tertiary paediatric hospital.

Acute zonal occult outer retinopathy-like presentation secondary to scleral buckle.

Purpose: To describe a case of acute zonal occult outer retinopathy-like (AZOOR-like) presentation following scleral buckle surgery for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

Observations: A 48-year-old man underwent successful scleral buckle with cryotherapy for repair of a left eye inferior macula-on rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Five years later he presented with a six-month history of left peripheral field restriction.

Transcriptome and proteome dynamics of cervical remodeling in the mouse during pregnancy†.

During gestation, the female reproductive tract must maintain pregnancy while concurrently preparing for parturition. Here, we explore the transitions in gene expression and protein turnover (fractional synthesis rates [FSR]) by which the cervix implements a transition from rigid to compliant. Shifts in gene transcription to achieve immune tolerance and alter epithelial cell programs begin in early pregnancy.

Neurogenic pulmonary edema.

Aim: We report a case of neurogenic pulmonary edema in a patient who sustained a severe traumatic brain injury in a motorbike accident and review the current literature with regards to the management of neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE).

Methods: A 17 year old male was involved in a motorbike collision into a tree. Copious amounts of pink frothy sputum was noted on scene.

Parental understanding of relapsing idiopathic nephrotic syndrome-Where are the knowledge gaps?

Aim: To assess parental understanding of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and its management, to enable targeted education in areas of deficit.

Methods: Families of children with at least one relapse of INS were interviewed, following a template covering key domains of (a) disease understanding, (b) management of INS and (c) access to information. Common trends and responses were identified and notable observations recorded.

International publication trends in hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery: emergency compared to oncology.

Background: There is growing interest in publishing trends given the increasing amount of research publication across various specialities. Studies relating to hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery show an oncological focus compared to benign, emergency and trauma.

Methods: Analysis of ISI JCR impact factors in the Web of Knowledge and the Scimago Journal Rank through Scopus was performed to select four readily available, relevant and frequently read journals from the surgery category.