"One for All": Functional Transfer of OMV-Mediated Polymyxin B Resistance From sv. Typhi Δ and Δ to Susceptible Bacteria.

The appearance of multi-resistant strains has contributed to reintroducing polymyxin as the last-line therapy. Although polymyxin resistance is based on bacterial envelope changes, other resistance mechanisms are being reported. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nanosized proteoliposomes secreted from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.