Detection of blood flow perfusion and post - occlusive reactive hyperemia in the skeletal muscle of rats.

Aims: Post-occlusive reactive hyperemia (PORH) remains poorly understood in the skeletal muscle system. This study was designed to validate an alternative strategy of PORH detection in rodents. Additionally, we explored the hypothesis that PORH is influenced by experimental models associated with impaired function of the skeletal muscle.

Histaminergic Pharmacology Modulates the Analgesic and Antiedematogenic Effects of Spinally Injected Morphine.

Background: Histamine receptors are known to participate in spinal cord nociceptive transmission, and previous studies have suggested that histaminergic receptors are involved in the analgesic effects of morphine. Herein, we investigated the effect of intrathecal injection of histaminergic agonists and antagonists in a model of acute articular inflammation and their interaction with morphine.

Methods: After carrageenan injection in the right knee joint, articular incapacitation was measured hourly, for up to 6 hours, by the paw elevation time during 1-minute periods of stimulated walking.

Histamine produces opposing effects to serotonin in the knee joint of rats.

Unlabelled: Formalin injected in the knee joint of rats produces concentration-dependent nociception, edema, and plasma leakage (PL). Herein, we investigated the effect of histamine H1 receptor (H1R) antagonists in this model. Articular nociception was inferred from the paw elevation time (PET; seconds) during 1-minute periods of stimulated walking, determined every 5 minutes, throughout a 60-minute experimental session.

Skin-to-skin contact and/or oral 25% dextrose for procedural pain relief for term newborn infants.

Objective: The goal was to compare the efficacy of oral 25% dextrose treatment and/or skin-to-skin contact for analgesia in term newborns during intramuscular injection of a hepatitis B vaccine.

Methods: A prospective, randomized, partially blinded, clinical trial was performed with 640 healthy term newborns. Infants at 12 to 72 hours of life were assigned randomly to receive an intramuscular injection of hepatitis B vaccine in the right thigh according to 4 analgesia groups, that is, no analgesia (routine); oral 25% dextrose treatment, given 2 minutes before the injection; skin-to-skin contact, initiated 2 minutes before the injection and persisting throughout the procedure; and a combination of the oral dextrose treatment and skin-to-skin contact strategies.

Evaluation of the pro-inflammatory potential of nanostructured drug carriers in knee-joints of rats: effect on nociception, edema, and cell migration.

Nanocarriers have been developed aiming at drug delivery; however, the irritating effects of these nanoparticles on naïve or inflamed articular tissues are not known. Poly(D,L-lactide) (N-PLA), methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(D,L-lactide) (N-PEG-PLA), and Dynasan 116 (SLN) were used to prepare the nanocarriers. The average diameter (nm) and zeta potential (mV) of these particles were, respectively, 251 and -33.