Deciphering the origin of the first steps in the degradation of azo dyes: a computational study.

Azo dyes find applications across various sectors including food, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, printing, and textiles. The contaminating effects of dyes on aquatic environments arise from toxic effects caused by their long-term presence in the environment, buildup in sediments, particularly in aquatic species, degradation of pollutants into mutagenic or mutagenic compounds, and low aerobic biodegradability. Therefore, we theoretically propose the first steps of the degradation of azo dyes based on the interaction of hydroperoxyl radical (•OOH) with the dye.

A simple method to estimate the mean number of lipophilic molecules on nanoparticle surfaces by fluorescence measurements.

Measurements of fluorescence intensity of the hydrophobic pyridinium salt (DTPSH) remaining in the organic phase after partition experiments in the DCM/HO system allowed an approximate method to be developed to estimate the mean number of molecules ( = 942) on the surface of 22.8 nm gold nanoparticles and the separation (1.89 nm) between these organic molecules.

Copper Recovery From Ammonia Solutions Through Electro-Electrodialysis (EED).

Alkaline leaching with highly selective ammoniacal complexing agents is an interesting alternative for the treatment of copper concentrates. This treatment is beneficial for copper recovery because it allows the formation of soluble amines complexes, with cupric tetramine ( ) being the most stable. In order to suppress the unit operation of solvent extraction (SX) and move directly to the electrochemical process, an electro-electrodialysis (EED) process using ion exchange membranes to obtain copper is proposed.

Validation of a machine learning algorithm for early severe sepsis prediction: a retrospective study predicting severe sepsis up to 48 h in advance using a diverse dataset from 461 US hospitals.

Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock are among the leading causes of death in the United States and sepsis remains one of the most expensive conditions to diagnose and treat. Accurate early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk of adverse patient outcomes, but the efficacy of traditional rule-based screening methods is limited. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a machine learning algorithm (MLA) for severe sepsis prediction up to 48 h before onset using a diverse patient dataset.

TiO Photocatalyzed Degradation of the Azo Dye Disperse Red 1 in Aqueous Micellar Environments.

The photoinduced degradation of the azo dye Disperse Red 1 was studied in a microheterogeneous system comprising titanium oxide (TiO ) and sodium dodecyl sulfate, exposed to UV light. Degussa P25, Anatase and TiO synthesized in acidic conditions were supported on raschig rings. The TiO photocatalyzed degradation is enhanced in the vicinity of the surfactant critical micelle value.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Aqueous Rhodamine 6G Using Supported TiO Catalysts. A Model for the Removal of Organic Contaminants From Aqueous Samples.

As a model for the removal of complex organic contaminants from industrial water effluents, the heterogeneous photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamin 6G was studied using TiO-derived catalysts, incorporated in water as suspension as well as supported in raschig rings. UV and Visible light were tested for the photo-degradation process. TiO catalysts were synthesized following acid synthesis methodology and compared against commercial TiO catalyst samples (Degussa P25 and Anatase).

Effect of a sepsis prediction algorithm on patient mortality, length of stay and readmission: a prospective multicentre clinical outcomes evaluation of real-world patient data from US hospitals.

Background: Severe sepsis and septic shock are among the leading causes of death in the USA. While early prediction of severe sepsis can reduce adverse patient outcomes, sepsis remains one of the most expensive conditions to diagnose and treat.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a machine learning algorithm for severe sepsis prediction on in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and 30-day readmission.

Epidemiology of abusive head trauma in West Virginia children <24 months: 2000-2010.

Background: Few states have published statewide epidemiology of abusive head trauma (AHT).

Objective: To examine the statewide epidemiology of AHT in West Virginia (WV), with the primary objective of establishing AHT incidence for comparison to national data, and to use as a baseline for comparison to incidence post-implementation of a statewide AHT prevention program.

Participants And Setting: AHT cases in children less than 2 years old were identified from the 3 tertiary pediatric centers in WV.

Reaction Kinetics of Phenolic Antioxidants toward Photoinduced Pyranine Free Radicals in Biological Models.

8-Hydroxy-1,3,6-pyrenetrisulfonic acid (pyranine, PyOH) free radicals were induced by laser excitation at visible wavelengths (470 nm). The photochemical process involves photoelectron ejection from PyO- to produce PyO• and PyO•- with maxima absorption at 450 and 510 nm, respectively. The kinetic rate constants for phenolic antioxidants with PyO•, determined by nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy, were largely reliant on the ionic strength depending on the antioxidant phenol/phenolate dissociation constant.

A Metal-Free, Nonconjugated Polymer for Solar Photocatalysis.

Heterogeneous catalysts that can absorb light over the solar range are ideal for green photocatalysis. Recently, attention has been directed towards the generation of novel solar-light photocatalysts, in particular, metal-free polymers. Herein, it is demonstrated that a metal-free, nonconjugated, anthraquinone-based copolymer (poly[1,4-diamine-9,10-dioxoanthracene-alt-(benzene-1,4-dioic acid)] (COP)) with a strong absorption in the visible region is effective as a sunlight heterogeneous photocatalyst.

Enhanced catalytic electrochemical reduction of dissolved oxygen with ultraclean cucurbituril[7]-capped gold nanoparticles.

Gold nanoparticles capped with cucurbituril[7] have been prepared in the absence of metallic cations and organic ligands. Remarkably, these nanohybrids encapsulate dissolved oxygen and are highly active in electrochemical reduction. The effect of the presence of sodium and ammonium salts on this catalysed process is also analysed.

Acute ischemic stroke in a 19 month old following minor head trauma: case report and review of the literature.

Minor head trauma is a very rare cause of ischemic stroke in the pediatric population. We describe a nineteen month old patient who developed left hemiparesis and subsequently left facial palsy after a fall. MRI of the brain showed hypodensities in the basal ganglia, internal capsule and caudate nucleus consistent with stroke.

Coumarin 314 free radical cation: formation, properties, and reactivity toward phenolic antioxidants.

We have explored the photogeneration of the coumarin 314 radical cation by using nanosecond laser excitation at wavelengths longer than 400 nm in benzene, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and aqueous media. In addition, time-resolved absorption spectroscopy measurements allowed detection of the triplet excited state of coumarin 314 (C(314)) with a maximum absorption at 550 nm in benzene. The triplet excited state has a lifetime of 90 μs in benzene.

Photophysics and photochemistry of 1-nitropyrene.

1-Nitropyrene (1NPy) is the most abundant nitropolycyclic aromatic contaminant encountered in diesel exhausts. Understanding its photochemistry is important because of its carcinogenic and mutagenic properties, and potential phototransformations into biologically active products. We have studied the photophysics and photochemistry of 1NPy in solvents that could mimic the microenvironments in which it can be found in the atmospheric aerosol, using nanosecond laser flash photolysis, and conventional absorption and fluorescence techniques.

Periosteal margin in soft-tissue sarcoma.

Background: Soft-tissue sarcomas frequently rest in contact with bone. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the risk of local recurrence for sarcomas adjacent to bone and to determine whether the periosteum provides an adequate margin of resection.

Methods: Fifty patients with soft-tissue sarcomas abutting bone were treated at a single institution between 1990 and 2004.

Antioxidant and pro-oxidant effects of red wine and its fractions on Cu(II) induced LDL oxidation evaluated by absorbance and chemiluminescence measurements.

Cu(II) mediated low density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation has been followed by the changes in absorbance at 234 nm and the emitted low level chemiluminescence (CL). The similarity of the time profiles allows us to conclude that the emitted CL is due to the decomposition of a transient product, most likely a hydroperoxide. Red wine, as well as its fractions, afford a noticeable protection when added prior to the start of the LDL oxidation process.

A pyranine based procedure for evaluation of the total antioxidant potential (TRAP) of polyphenols. A comparison with closely related methodologies.

A novel procedure for the evaluation of total reactive antioxidant potentials (TRAP) is described. The method is based on the measurement of the bleaching of pyranine by peroxyl radicals. The addition of the antioxidants produces a clear induction time whose magnitude is directly related to the antioxidant concentration.