Current status of pancreatic cancer with oligometastasis.

Background: Pancreatic cancer is the seventh leading cause of death worldwide, with ductal adenocarcinoma as the most frequent neoplasm. Half of the patients who are diagnosed have metastases at the time of diagnosis.

Objective: A review of the treatment of resectable pancreatic adenocarcinoma with oligometastatic disease was carried out in order to present an overview of the existing evidence.

Retromer dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Retromer is a heteropentameric complex that plays a specialized role in endosomal protein sorting and trafficking. Here, we report a reduction in the retromer proteins-vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), VPS26A, and VPS29-in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in the ALS model provided by transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the mutant superoxide dismutase-1 G93A. These changes are accompanied by a reduction of levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluA1, a proxy of retromer function, in spinal cords from Tg SOD1 mice.

Immune checkpoint inhibition in patients with inactive pre-existing neuromuscular autoimmune diseases.

Objectives: To evaluate the safety of immune checkpoint inhibitor use in patients with pre-existing neurological autoimmune diseases.

Methods: In this retrospective case-series, we examined exacerbations of underlying disease and the occurrence of immune-related adverse events in 5 patients who had been diagnosed with a neurological autoimmune disease prior to receiving immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for advanced malignancy.

Results: Two patients had a prior diagnosis of myasthenia gravis, two had Guillain-Barré syndrome, and one had chronic idiopathic demyelinating polyneuropathy.

Systematic elucidation of neuron-astrocyte interaction in models of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis using multi-modal integrated bioinformatics workflow.

Cell-to-cell communications are critical determinants of pathophysiological phenotypes, but methodologies for their systematic elucidation are lacking. Herein, we propose an approach for the Systematic Elucidation and Assessment of Regulatory Cell-to-cell Interaction Networks (SEARCHIN) to identify ligand-mediated interactions between distinct cellular compartments. To test this approach, we selected a model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), in which astrocytes expressing mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (mutSOD1) kill wild-type motor neurons (MNs) by an unknown mechanism.

Deletion of Prevents Motor Neuron Death but not .

Increasing evidence suggests that necroptosis, a form of programmed cell death (PCD), contributes to neurodegeneration in several disorders, including ALS. Supporting this view, investigations in both and models of ALS have implicated key molecular determinants of necroptosis in the death of spinal motor neurons (MNs). Consistent with a pathogenic role of necroptosis in ALS, we showed increased mRNA levels for the three main necroptosis effectors , , and in the spinal cord of mutant superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD1) transgenic mice (Tg), an established model of ALS.

Glucocerebrosidase gene therapy prevents α-synucleinopathy of midbrain dopamine neurons.

Diminished lysosomal function can lead to abnormal cellular accumulation of specific proteins, including α-synuclein, contributing to disease pathogenesis of vulnerable neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) and related α-synucleinopathies. GBA1 encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase (GCase), and mutations in GBA1 are a prominent genetic risk factor for PD. Previous studies showed that in sporadic PD, and in normal aging, GCase brain activity is reduced and levels of corresponding glycolipid substrates are increased.

Sustained Systemic Glucocerebrosidase Inhibition Induces Brain α-Synuclein Aggregation, Microglia and Complement C1q Activation in Mice.

Aims: Loss-of-function mutations in GBA1, which cause the autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease, Gaucher disease (GD), are also a key genetic risk factor for the α-synucleinopathies, including Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies. GBA1 encodes for the lysosomal hydrolase glucocerebrosidase and reductions in this enzyme result in the accumulation of the glycolipid substrates glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine. Deficits in autophagy and lysosomal degradation pathways likely contribute to the pathological accumulation of α-synuclein in PD.

Mean platelet volume as a novel predictor of systemic inflammatory response in cirrhotic patients with culture-negative neutrocytic ascites.

Aim: To identify a mean platelet volume (MPV) cutoff value which should be able to predict the presence of bacterial infection.

Methods: An observational, analytic, retrospective study. We evaluated medical records of cirrhotic patients who were hospitalized from January 2012 to January 2014 at the Gastroenterology Department of "Hospital General de México Dr.

Metadoxine improves the three- and six-month survival rates in patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of metadoxine (MTD) on the 3- and 6-mo survival of patients with severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH).

Methods: This study was an open-label clinical trial, performed at the "Hospital General de México, Dr. Eduardo Liceaga".

Assessing potato tuber diel growth by means of X-ray computed tomography.

The formation and development of belowground organs is difficult to study. X-ray computed tomography (CT) provides the possibility to analyse and interpret subtle volumetric changes of belowground organs such as tubers, storage roots and nodules. Here, we report on the establishment of a method based on a voxel dimension of 240 μm and precision (standard deviation) of 30 μL that allows interpreting growth differences among potato tubers happening within 3 h.

Successful function of autologous iPSC-derived dopamine neurons following transplantation in a non-human primate model of Parkinson's disease.

Autologous transplantation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons is a potential clinical approach for treatment of neurological disease. Preclinical demonstration of long-term efficacy, feasibility, and safety of iPSC-derived dopamine neurons in non-human primate models will be an important step in clinical development of cell therapy. Here, we analyzed cynomolgus monkey (CM) iPSC-derived midbrain dopamine neurons for up to 2 years following autologous transplantation in a Parkinson's disease (PD) model.

Pharmacological rescue of mitochondrial deficits in iPSC-derived neural cells from patients with familial Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder caused by genetic and environmental factors that results in degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway in the brain. We analyzed neural cells generated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from PD patients and presymptomatic individuals carrying mutations in the PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1) and LRRK2 (leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) genes, and compared them to those of healthy control subjects. We measured several aspects of mitochondrial responses in the iPSC-derived neural cells including production of reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial respiration, proton leakage, and intraneuronal movement of mitochondria.

Duodeno-biliary obstruction in Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.

Background: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is a pathology with autosomal dominant inheritance characterized by the presence of hamartomatous polyposis and mucocutaneous pigmentation. We present a case report from the Hospital General of Mexico.

Clinical Case: We present the case of a 28-year-old male.

Differentiation of human ES and Parkinson's disease iPS cells into ventral midbrain dopaminergic neurons requires a high activity form of SHH, FGF8a and specific regionalization by retinoic acid.

The cardinal motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are caused by the vulnerability to dysfunction and degeneration of ventral midbrain (VM) dopaminergic (DA) neurons. A major limitation for experimental studies of current ES/iPS cell differentiation protocols is the lack of VM DA neurons with a stable phenotype as defined by an expression marker code of FOXA2/TH/β-tubulin. Here we demonstrate a combination of three modifications that were required to produce VM DA neurons.

[Trans- and early postoperative complications in gastric surgery for gastric carcinoma. Experience from the General Hospital of Mexico].

Objective: We undertook this study to determine the morbimortality in gastric surgery for gastric carcinoma.

Methods: We carried out a retrospective, observational study performed at the Gastroenterology Service of the General Hospital of Mexico City between January 2004 and October 2005. Variables included sex, age, diagnosis, surgery performed and trans- and postoperative complications.

The role of photochemical quenching and antioxidants in photoprotection of Deschampsia antarctica.

Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) is the only grass that grows in the maritime Antarctic. Constant low temperatures and episodes of high light are typical conditions during the growing season at this latitude.