Incidence and risk factors of abdominal compartment syndrome in pediatric oncology patients: a prospective cohort study.

Abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) has been the subject of increasing research over the past decade owing to its effects on morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. This study aimed to determine the incidence and risk factors of ACS in patients in an onco-hematological pediatric intensive care unit in a middle-income country and to analyze patient outcomes. This prospective cohort study was conducted between May 2015 and October 2017.

Content validation of a questionnaire to assess the knowledge of pediatricians, family, and community physicians on obesity.

Objective: The aim of this study was to validate the content of a questionnaire in order to assess the attitudes and practices in childcare consultations, knowledge on overweight and obesity, their risk factors, and barriers in addressing the issue by pediatricians and family physicians.

Methods: The Delphi technique was used, with the objective of reaching a consensus on a certain subject, through experts' opinions. The content validity index (CVI) of each item, axis, and questionnaire was calculated.

Validation of tool to assess pediatric residents' knowledge of development and behavior.

Objective: This study aimed to create and validate an instrument to measure pediatric residents' knowledge about development and behavior.

Methods: This was a longitudinal study with the consecutive application of questionnaires to validate an instrument of analysis. The modified Delphi technique was used for validation, which involved judges who were selected based on their expertise.

Knowledge of gynecologists in the public health system care of women victims of violence.

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of the obstetricians and gynecologists in the care of women victims of violence in the public health system and the existence of institutional mechanisms to support them.

Methods: A cross-sectional and observational study was conducted with an electronic questionnaire by physicians who provided care in the obstetrics and gynecology emergency unit of the public health system. This study aimed to identify the care for victims of violence who received the institutional mechanisms of support, the difficulties encountered in determining the appropriate care, and estimates of the prevalence of violence against women.

Factors associated with multidrug-resistant bacteria in healthcare-associated infections: a pediatric intensive care unit case-control study.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of factors related to healthcare-associated infections, caused by multidrug-resistant bacteria, in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study conducted from January 1, 2007 to December 31, 2018, in São Paulo (SP), Brazil. The study was carried out at the pediatric intensive care unit of a high-complexity, tertiary care general hospital.

Epidemiology and treatment of sepsis at a public pediatric emergency department.

Objective: To describe the clinical characteristics and treatment of children with sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock at a pediatric emergency department of a public hospital.

Methods: A retrospective, observational study. The medical records of patients included in the hospital Pediatric Sepsis Protocol and patients with discharge ICD-10 A41.

A Pediatric Sepsis Protocol Reduced Mortality and Dysfunctions in a Brazilian Public Hospital.

Few studies in the literature discuss the benefits of compliance with sepsis bundles in hospitals in low- and middle-income countries, where resources are limited and mortality is high. This is a retrospective cohort study conducted at a public hospital in a low-income region in Brazil. We evaluated whether completion of a sepsis bundle is associated with reduced in-hospital mortality for sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock, as well as prevention of septic shock and organ dysfunction.

Barriers and Proposed Solutions to a Successful Implementation of Pediatric Sepsis Protocols.

The implementation of managed protocols contributes to a systematized approach to the patient and continuous evaluation of results, focusing on improving clinical practice, early diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes. Advantages to the adoption of a pediatric sepsis recognition and treatment protocol include: a reduction in time to start fluid and antibiotic administration, decreased kidney dysfunction and organ dysfunction, reduction in length of stay, and even a decrease on mortality. Barriers are: absence of a written protocol, parental knowledge, early diagnosis by healthcare professionals, venous access, availability of antimicrobials and vasoactive drugs, conditions of work, engagement of healthcare professionals.

The impact of monitoring software on antimicrobial management in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Introduction: Antimicrobial stewardship programs are necessary practices to combat resistance in hospital infections. However, studies frequently cite the scarcity of technological resources as an obstacle to the comprehensive development of ASPs.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the impact of monitoring software on reducing antibiotic consumption and reducing resistance in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Prevalence and outcomes of sepsis in children admitted to public and private hospitals in Latin America: a multicenter observational study.

Objective: To report the prevalence and outcomes of sepsis in children admitted to public and private hospitals.

Methods: Post hoc analysis of the Latin American Pediatric Sepsis Study (LAPSES) data, a cohort study that analyzed the prevalence and outcomes of sepsis in critically ill children with sepsis on admission at 21 pediatric intensive care units in five Latin American countries.

Results: Of the 464 sepsis patients, 369 (79.

Vomiting in newborns as a result of a duodenal membrane: two case reports.

Vomiting episodes in newborns are extremely common and often attributed to gastroesophageal reflux. The symptoms of vomiting, however, may be caused by other complications. In this report, we present two cases of a 1-month-old male and a 2-month-old female, both presenting vomiting episodes that led to malnutrition.

Length of stay in pediatric intensive care unit: prediction model.

Objective: To propose a predictive model for the length of stay risk among children admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit based on demographic and clinical characteristics upon admission.

Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at a private and general hospital located in the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil. We used internal validation procedures and obtained an area under ROC curve for the to build of the predictive model.

Use of Noninvasive Ventilation in Respiratory Failure After Extubation During Postoperative Care in Pediatrics.

The purpose of this study was to determine the rate of failure of noninvasive ventilation (NIV) after cardiac surgery in pediatric patients with respiratory failure after extubation and to identify predictive success factors. This was a prospective cohort study of pediatric patients diagnosed with congenital heart disease who underwent heart surgery and used NIV. Data were collected from 170 patients with a median age of 2 months.

Risk factors for vascular catheter-related bloodstream infections in pediatric intensive care units.

Objectives: To determine the risk factors for acquiring central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) in pediatric intensive care units and to investigate the incidence and etiology of CLABSI in pediatric intensive care units with different profiles.

Methods: The study was a prospective cohort study in three hospitals. One of the hospitals is a large metropolitan public hospital with two pediatric intensive care units and a total of nineteen pediatric intensive care unit beds, another is a regional hospital with eight pediatric intensive care unit beds, and the third is a private hospital with fifteen beds.

USE OF SCORE AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID LACTATE DOSAGE IN DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF BACTERIAL AND ASEPTIC MENINGITIS.

Objective: To evaluate Bacterial Meningitis Score (BMS) on its own and in association with Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) lactate dosage in order to distinguish bacterial from aseptic meningitis.

Methods: Children diagnosed with meningitis at a tertiary hospital between January/2011 and December/2014 were selected. All data were obtained upon admission.

Comparison of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid with Bacterial Meningitis Score in children.

Objective: To measure the role of enterovirus detection in cerebrospinal fluid compared with the Bacterial Meningitis Score in children with meningitis.

Methods: A retrospective cohort based on analysis of medical records of pediatric patients diagnosed as meningitis, seen at a private and tertiary hospital in São Paulo, Brazil, between 2011 and 2014. Excluded were patients with critical illness, purpura, ventricular shunt or recent neurosurgery, immunosuppression, concomitant bacterial infection requiring parenteral antibiotic therapy, and those who received antibiotics 72 hours before lumbar puncture.

First experience with multiple mini interview for medical school admission in Brazil: Does it work in a different cultural scenario?

Purpose: Evaluation of non-cognitive skills never has been used in Brazil. This study aims to evaluate Multiple Mini Interviews (MMI) in the admission process of a School of Medicine in São Paulo, Brazil.

Methods: The population of the study comprised 240 applicants summoned for the interviews, and 96 raters.

A Child as a Donor for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation: Bioethical Justification-A Case Study on Sickle Cell Disease.

Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an important treatment option for children with severe and refractory sickle cell disease (SCD) with debilitating clinical complications. HSCT with cells from the bone marrow of a HLA-identical sibling used in SCD has a low mortality risk, high cure rate, and high event-free survival rate after a median follow-up of 5-6 years. However, matched donors are found in only about 20% of the patients.

Lymphocyte count as a sign of immunoparalysis and its correlation with nutritional status in pediatric intensive care patients with sepsis: A pilot study.

Objectives:: Developing malnutrition during hospitalization is well recognized worldwide, and children are at a relatively higher risk for malnutrition than adults. Malnutrition can lead to immune dysfunction, which is associated with a higher mortality rate due to sepsis, the most frequent cause of death in pediatric intensive care units (PICUs). The aim of this study was to investigate whether malnourished patients are more likely to have relative or absolute lymphopenia and, consequently, worse prognoses.

Epidemiology of Sepsis in Children Admitted to PICUs in South America.

Objectives: To report the prevalence of sepsis within the first 24 hours at admission and the PICU sepsis-related mortality among critically ill children admitted to PICU in South America.

Design: A prospective multicenter cohort study.

Setting: Twenty-one PICU, located in five South America countries.