The formation of new and functional structural components of several organs, such as parotid glands, can be influenced by the glycocode. This study analyzed the glycobiology of parotid salivary gland tissue during fetal development using specific biochemical probes (lectins and antibodies). Eleven parotid gland samples from human fetuses were obtained from spontaneous abortions at 14-28 weeks of gestation, and tissue sections were analyzed for lectin histochemistry and immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTwo new spiro-acridines were synthesized by introducing cyano-N-acylhydrazone between the acridine and phenyl rings followed by spontaneous cyclization. The final compounds (E)-1'-(benzylideneamino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-01) and (E)-1'-((4-methoxybenzylidene)amino)-5'-oxo-1',5'-dihydro-10H-spiro[acridine-9,2'-pyrrole]-4'-carbonitrile (AMTAC-02) were evaluated for their interactions with calf thymus DNA, antiproliferative and human topoisomerase I and IIα inhibitory activities. Both compounds presented ability to bind DNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVarious strategies are being developed to improve delivery and increase the biological half-lives of pharmacological agents. To address these issues, drug delivery technologies rely on different nano-sized molecules including: lipid vesicles, viral capsids and nano-particles. Peptides are a constituent of many of these nanomaterials and overcome some limitations associated with lipid-based or viral delivery systems, such as tune-ability, stability, specificity, inflammation, and antigenicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFucosylated glycans synthesized by α1,3/4-fucosyltransferase (FUT3) enzyme play an important role in breast cancer prognosis and metastasis, being involved in the binding of circulating tumor cells to the endothelium and being related to tumor stage, metastatic potential and chemoresistance. Despite the pro-tumor action of this enzyme, studies have demonstrated its role in natural killer-induced cytotoxicity through the recognition of sialyl Lewis X by C-type lectin receptors and through extrinsic apoptosis pathway triggered by Apo2L-TRAIL. This study aimed to investigate the expression pattern of FUT3 in invasive breast carcinoma (IDC) from patients of Pernambuco state, Northeast of Brazil, and genotype FUT3 promoter region to identify possible SNPs that could be associated with variations in FUT3 expression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn this work, the acridine nucleus was used as a lead-compound for structural modification by adding different substituted thiosemicarbazide moieties. Eight new (Z)-2-(acridin-9-ylmethylene)-N-phenylhydrazinecarbothioamide derivatives (3a-h) were synthesized, their antiproliferative activities were evaluated, and DNA binding properties were performed with calf thymus DNA (ctDNA) by electronic absorption and fluorescence spectroscopies. Both hyperchromic and hypochromic effects, as well as red or blue shifts were demonstrated by addition of ctDNA to the derivatives.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCryptococcus neoformans var. grubii is considered to be the major cause of cryptococcosis in immunosuppressed patients. Understanding cell wall glycoproteins using lectins is of medical interest and can contribute to specific therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe present work aimed to magnetize Parkia pendula seeds gum and use it as a matrix for Concanavalin A covalent immobilization. This composite was applied in affinity purification of glycoconjugates. Parkia pendula seeds were hydrated and the gum provenient from the supernatant was precipitated and washed with ethanol and dried.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis work aimed to evaluate the glycophenotype in normal prostate, bening prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostatic adenocarcinoma (PCa) tissues by a chemiluminescent method. Concanavalin A (Con A), Ulex europaeus agglutinin (UEA-I) and Peanut agglutinin (PNA) lectins were conjugated to acridinium ester (lectins-AE). These conjugates remained capable to recognize their specific carbohydrates.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: BRCA protein interacts with at least 13 different proteins that have been implicated with cancer susceptibility and loss of BRCA function is correlated to sensitivity to DNA crosslinking agents in preclinical models.
Results: BRCA2 methylation frequency was 44%, p53 Pro22 allele frequency was 32% and heterozygous frequency of Arg/Pro72 genotype was 60% which could be associated as risk factor for metastasis (p = 0.046 OR = 4.
Folia Histochem Cytobiol
April 2015
Hypoxic areas in solid tumors are often associated with poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. The aim of the study was to analyze the expression of galectin-1 (Gal-1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), sialic acid and b1-6 branched glycan structures in hypoxic environment of invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) of the breast. We performed lectin histochemistry with phytohemag glutinin-L (L-PHA) and Sambucus nigra lectin (SNA); and immunohistochemistry for Gal-1, Gal-3, carbonic anhydrase IX, hypoxia-inducible factor, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor type-2 for 86 IDC samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Clin Exp Pathol
February 2015
Increased sialylation and β1,6-branched oligosaccharides has been associated with a variety of structural changes in cell surface carbohydrates, most notably in tumorigenesis. Lectins are defined as proteins that preferentially recognize and bind carbohydrate complexes protruding from glycolipids and glycoproteins. This interaction with carbohydrates can be as specific as the interaction between antigen and antibody.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochim Biophys Acta
June 2014
Background: Our previous study demonstrated that essential fatty acid (EFA) dietary restriction over two generations induced midbrain dopaminergic cell loss and oxidative stress in the substantia nigra (SN) but not in the striatum of young rats. In the present study we hypothesized that omega-3 deficiency until adulthood would reduce striatum's resilience, increase nitric oxide (NO) levels and the number of BDNF-expressing neurons, both potential mechanisms involved in SN neurodegeneration.
Methods: Second generation rats were raised from gestation on control or EFA-restricted diets until young or adulthood.
Cell surface glycoconjugates play an important role in differentiation/dedifferentiation processes and lectins are employed to evaluate them by several methodologies. Fluorescent probes are considered a valuable tool because of their ability to provide a particular view, and are more detailed and sensitive in terms of cell structure and molecular content. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression and distribution of glycoconjugates in normal human breast tissue, and benign (fibroadenoma), and malignantly transformed (invasive ductal carcinoma) breast tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Tumor cells show alterations in their glycosylation patterns when compared to normal cells. Lectins can be used to evaluate these glycocode changes. Chemiluminescence assay is an effective technique for quantitative analysis of proteins, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates due to its high sensitivity, specificity, and rapid testing.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThis work proposes a chemiluminescent quantitative method for galectin-3 (Gal3) detection in prostate tissues. Monoclonal antibody anti-Gal3 was conjugated to acridinium ester (AE) and the complex formed with Gal3 in the prostate tissue was chemiluminescently detected. The light emission (expressed in Relative Light Unit-RLU) showed mean values higher for benign prostatic hyperplasia than normal tissues and adenocarcinoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFActa Histochem Cytochem
June 2013
Prostatic Adenocarcinoma (PA) and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) have their etiology not fully understood mainly in glycidic aspects. Glycan changes are associated with cell alterations where glycosylation is carried out by glycosyltransferases, such as fucosyltransferases (FUTs). These enzymes catalyze the insertion of L-fucose residues in a variety of glycan structures often in the final stage of glycosylation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo
October 2013
Introduction: Colonic lesions are predominant in patients with schistosomiasis. However, carbohydrate alterations in colonic schistosomiasis remain unclear. Lectin-ligands allow us to identify changes in the saccharide patterns of cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHer-2 status evaluation in breast cancer has prognostic and treatment response value but its interobserver variation among pathologists is a problem since it is not quantitatively assayed. This study presents an immunohistochemiluminescence method to quantify Her-2 in breast cancer. Anti-Her-2 antibody was conjugated to acridinium ester (AE) and used to evaluate/quantify Her-2 status in breast Invasive Ductal Carcinoma (IDC, n=50) comparing with traditional immunohistochemistry.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreast carcinoma is one of the most common neoplasia and the first cause of women cancer related deaths worldwide. In the past few years with diagnostic increment, the number of patients diagnosed with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) increased considerably and opened up new ways in research and new dilemmas in diagnostic and clinical practice. This work aimed to evaluate differences in Galectin-1 and Galectin-3 expression and lectins ligands profile on DCIS cells in hypoxic microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOxidative stress (OS) has been implicated in the etiology of certain neurodegenerative disorders. Some of these disorders have been associated with unbalanced levels of essential fatty acids (EFA). The response of certain brain regions to OS, however, is not uniform and a selective vulnerability or resilience can occur.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The main focus of several studies concerned with cancer progression and metastasis is to analyze the mechanisms that allow cancer cells to interact and quickly adapt with their environment. Integrins, a family of transmembrane glycoproteins, play a major role in invasive and metastatic processes. Integrins are involved in cell adhesion in both cell-extracellular matrix and cell-cell interactions, and particularly, β1 integrin is involved in proliferation and differentiation of cells in the development of epithelial tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Clin Exp Med
August 2012
Aims: The present study investigated the effect of a maternal diet rich in omega-6 (E6D) or omega-9 (E9D) on atherogenesis in the offspring of mice.
Main Methods: LDL receptor-deficient mice were fed a diet rich in either omega-6 (E6D) or omega-9 (E9D) for 45 days prior to mating and until the birth of the offspring, evaluating the effect on the offspring aorta in comparison to a standard diet (STD), by immunohistochemical analysis, morphometric analysis and electron microscopy.
Key Findings: Hypercholesterolemic female mice fed E6D generated offspring with high levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and CC-chemokine ligand 2/monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (CCL2/ MCP-1) as well as a reduction in high-density lipoprotein.
The aim of this study was to evaluate, through lectin histochemistry, the expression of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, L-fucose, D-galactose and glucose/mannose on the cell wall surfaces of Aspergillus species in histopathological specimens of brain (n = 1) and lung (n = 6) tissues obtained during autopsy of patients diagnosed postmortem as having had invasive aspergillosis. Concanavalin A (Con A), wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), Ulex europeus agglutinin I (UEA-I) and peanut agglutinin (PNA), all conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, were employed. Lectin-binding was visualized using 3,3-diaminobendizine (DAB) and hydrogen peroxide in phosphate buffer solution (PBS).
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