Acute Toxicity of Commercial Wildfire Retardants to Two Daphniid Species ( and ).

In the face of global climate change, there has been an increase in wildfires around the world, highlighting the need for improved firefighting techniques, such as the use of fire retardants (FRs). These products can enter aquatic systems directly or through runoff, posing potential risks to aquatic biota. In this study, the acute toxicity (24-h/48-h EC50) of three distinct FRs (N-Borate, N-Phosphate+, and N-Phosphate-) was assessed on the immobility of freshwater microcrustaceans and .

Correction: de Araújo et al. Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive. 2022, , 767.

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Effects of Commercial Sunscreens on Survival, Reproduction and Embryonic Development of the Aquatic Snail Biomphalaria glabrata (SAY, 1818).

Over the past few years, there has been a significant increase in the use of sunscreens. Consequently, the occurrence in aquatic environments of ultraviolet filters has also increased. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of two commercial sunscreens to the aquatic snail Biomphalaria glabrata.

An ultrasensitive LC-MS/MS method for the determination of glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in water - analysis of surface and groundwater from a hydrographic basin in the Midwestern region of Brazil.

The intensive use of glyphosate around the world in the last few decades demands constant monitoring of this compound and its metabolite in aquatic compartments. This work aimed to develop a sensitive method for the analysis of glyphosate, AMPA and glufosinate in water by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The method involves analyte concentration by lyophilization (20×) and direct injection on the LC-MS/MS, and was satisfactorily validated at a LOQ of 0.

Relationship between Pesticide Standards for Classification of Water Bodies and Ecotoxicity: A Case Study of the Brazilian Directive.

The objective of this study was to evaluate if the maximum values (MVs) for pesticides in surface freshwater included in CONAMA directive 357/2005 are safe for aquatic biota, comparing them with ecotoxicology data published in the literature. The terms "aquatic toxicity", "chronic" "acute", "LC", "EC", "NOEL", "NOEC" and the name of each pesticide were used for searches on the research platforms. Data from 534 tests reported in 37 published articles and three ecotoxicological databases were included in this study; 24% of the tests were carried out with producer organisms, 34% with primary consumers and 42% with secondary consumers.

Pesticides in surface freshwater: a critical review.

The objective of this study was to critically review studies published up to November 2021 that investigated the presence of pesticides in surface freshwater to answer three questions: (1) in which countries were the studies conducted? (2) which pesticides are most evaluated and detected? and (3) which pesticides have the highest concentrations? Using the Prisma protocol, 146 articles published from 1976 to November 2021 were included in this analysis: 127 studies used grab sampling, 10 used passive sampling, and 9 used both sampling techniques. In the 45-year historical series, the USA, China, and Spain were the countries that conducted the highest number of studies. Atrazine was the most evaluated pesticide (56% of the studies), detected in 43% of the studies using grab sampling, and the most detected in passive sampling studies (68%).

Effects of AgNPs on the Snail : Survival, Reproduction and Silver Accumulation.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used intensively in medical and industrial applications. Environmental concerns have arisen from the potential release of this material into aquatic ecosystems. The aims of this research were to evaluate the potential accumulation of silver in the whole body of organisms and analyze the effects of AgNPs on the survival and reproduction of the snail .

Comparative Analysis between Ecotoxicity of Nitrogen-, Phosphorus-, and Potassium-Based Fertilizers and Their Active Ingredients.

This study aimed to analyze the ecotoxicity of nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and potassium-based compounds to organisms of two different trophic levels in order to compare the toxic effect between high-purity substances and these substances as components of fertilizers. Dilutions were made with the fertilizers' potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, superphosphate, urea, and their equivalent reagents, to conduct assays to establish the acute lethal concentration for half of the population (LC50). Ten individuals of the benthic snail and the fish were exposed to each concentration of tested compounds.

Impacts of the Urbanization Process on Water Quality of Brazilian Savanna Rivers: The Case of Preto River in Formosa, Goiás State, Brazil.

The release of domestic sewage in water resources is a practical feature of the urbanization process, and this action causes changes that may impair the environmental balance and the water quality for several uses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of urbanization on the surface water quality of the Preto River throughout the town of Formosa, Goiás, Brazil. Samples were collected at five points along the river, spatially distributed from one side to the other of the town of Formosa, from May to October of 2012.

Bioavailability assessment of metals from a nickel mining residue in the gastrointestinal tract of Oreochromis niloticus in vivo.

Mining to obtain ferronickel by the pyrometallurgical process involves a calcination stage that generates a highly metallic solid dust. This study evaluated the bioavailability of metals from calcination dust after being ingested by Oreochromis niloticus. Chemical analysis was performed on the whole body and histological analysis was performed on the gills and gastrointestinal tract of fish to evaluate potential bioaccumulation.

Susceptibility of non-target invertebrates to Brazilian microbial pest control agents.

Microbial pest control agents or entomopathogens have been considered an interesting alternative to use instead of chemical insecticides. Knowledge of ecotoxicity data is very important to predict the hazard of any product released in the environment and subsidize the regulation of these products by governmental agencies. In the present study four new Brazilian strains of Bacillus and one fungus were tested to evaluate their acute toxicity to the microcrustacean Daphnia similis, the snail Biomphalaria glabrata and the dung beetle Digitonthophagus gazella.

Evaluation of acute toxicity, cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of a nickel mining waste to Oreochromis niloticus.

The pyrometallurgical process of mining for obtaining ferronickel involves a stage of calcinations. At this stage a residue is generated described as a calcination dust of fine black grains. Analysis of this material revealed a significant presence of Fe, around 53,000 ppm and Ni, around 14,000, beyond of other metals as Al, Mn, and Cr.

Effects of endosulfan and ethanol on the reproduction of the snail Biomphalaria tenagophila: a multigeneration study.

Endosulfan (END) is an insecticide used in agriculture and as a wood preservative. Since END is practically insoluble in water, ethanol (ETOH) is often employed as a carrier solvent to spike it in the test medium in aquatic toxicity assays. In this study were investigated the effects of END and ETOH on the reproduction of the freshwater snail Biomphalaria tenagophila exposed over three successive generations.

Genotoxic evaluation of different delta-endotoxins from Bacillus thuringiensis on zebrafish adults and development in early life stages.

The use of toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis as biopesticides in the biological control of insects and in transgenic plants has increased their availability in the environment. Ecotoxicological evaluations of four delta-endotoxins cry 1Aa, cry 1Ab, cry 1Ac, and cry 2A from B. thuringiensis were carried out on zebrafish Danio rerio to explore the adverse effects on their genome and embryos.

Trans-generation study of the effects of nonylphenol ethoxylate on the reproduction of the snail Biomphalaria tenagophila.

Nonylphenols ethoxylates (NPEs) are surfactants used in a variety of products. They are found in domestic sewage, industrial effluents and as contaminants in water bodies. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of NPE with 9.

Comparative study on the susceptibility of freshwater species to copper-based pesticides.

Copper compounds have been intentionally introduced into water bodies as aquatic plant herbicides, algicides and molluscicides. Copper-based fertilizers and fungicides have been widely used in agriculture as well. Despite the fact that copper is an essential element for all biota, elevated concentrations of this metal have been shown to affect a variety of aquatic organisms.