Is air pollution exposure linked to household income? Spatial analysis of Community Multiscale Air Quality Model results for Madrid.

This study explores the potential correlation between income and exposure to air pollution for the city of Madrid, Spain and its neighboring municipalities. Madrid is a well-known European air pollution hotspot with a high mortality burden attributable to nitrogen dioxide (NO) and fine particulate matter (PM). Statistical analyses were carried out using electoral district level data on gross household income (GHI), and NO and PM concentrations in air obtained from a mesoscale air quality model for the study area.