An update on the ocular manifestations of dengue.

Dengue is the most common arboviral disease. It is typically spread by the bite of an infected female or mosquitoes. Dengue is endemic in subtropical and tropical regions, but its geographic reach keeps expanding.

Optic disc edema and visual loss from paracentral acute middle maculopathy mimicking optic neuritis.

Optic neuritis is an important cause of unilateral and acute visual loss in young adults, but other differential diagnoses should be considered, especially when the disease has an atypical presentation. This report presents the case of a young woman with reduced visual acuity in her right eye, associated with optic disc edema and a relative afferent pupillary defect, that was initially misdiagnosed as optic neuritis and subsequently found to have paracentral acute middle maculopathy, possibly secondary to subtle impending central retinal vein occlusion. This case emphasizes the need to remember that retinal vascular diseases can occasionally mimic optic neuritis.

Fovea-threatening and fovea-involving peripheral Coats disease: effects of posture and intervention.

Background: We believe that our experience with patients presenting with Coats disease and macular sparing should be shared with our colleagues. We would like to show the effect of posture and prompt intervention in cases with fovea-threatening and/or fovea-involving peripheral Coats disease (FTPCD). This association has been poorly debated in our specialty and literature.

Atypical unilateral multifocal choroiditis in a COVID-19 positive patient.

Purpose: To present a case of an atypical unilateral multifocal choroiditis that occurred in temporal association to an acute covid-19 infection.

Method: A 23-year-old highly myopic man presented with reduced vision in the right eye while under medical quarantine due to direct exposure to COVID-19 infection. Five days after developing mild COVID symptoms (fever, cough and anosmia) he noticed acute painless loss of central vision in his right eye.

Confluent Endpoint Subthreshold Argon Laser for Serous Macular Detachment in Tilted Disc Syndrome Refractory to Anti-VEGF.

A 70-year-old woman presented with 20/200 visual acuity in the right eye. Multimodal imaging revealed tilted disc syndrome (TDS) with macular serous detachment (MSD) and pigmentary changes at the temporal margin of the optic disc. Subretinal fluid persisted after three monthly intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech, South San Francisco, CA) injections and threshold focal laser photocoagulation.

Peripapillary serous detachment in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Background: To report the presence of transient peripapillary serous detachments in multiple evanescent white dot syndrome.

Methods: Retrospective case series.

Results: Four eyes of four patients diagnosed with multiple evanescent white dot syndrome presented with peripapillary serous detachments.

Evaluation of patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis by spectral domain optical coherence tomography with enhanced depth imaging.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine the value of spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in assessing patients with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis (DUSN).

Methods: This was an observational case series with clinical imaging correlation performed at the Retina and Vitreous Institute of Londrina and State University of Londrina, Paraná, Brazil. The series comprised ten consecutive patients with a confirmed diagnosis of DUSN, ie, seven patients with late-stage disease and three with early-stage disease, who were assessed by SD-OCT for mean macular, retinal nerve fiber layer, and choroidal thickness using enhanced depth imaging software.

Migrating behavior of presumed Toxocara presenting as punctate inner choroidopathy, idiopathic choroidal neovascularization, and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.

Purpose: To document the intraretinal migration of presumed toxocara larvae mimicking punctate inner choroidopathy, idiopathic choroidal neovascularization, and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis.

Methods: Sequential color photographs, fluorescein angiograms, and optical coherence tomography were performed in three unrelated adult patients with presumed ocular toxocariasis.

Results: Characteristic fundoscopic manifestations simulating punctate inner choroidopathy, idiopathic choroidal neovascularization, and diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis were reported in these patients, respectively.

Regression of Macular Cavernous Hemangioma with Systemic Infliximab.

Cavernous hemangioma of the retina is an unusual vascular hamartoma that has been reported to occur either sporadically or as a dominantly inherited trait. A case of a large and sporadic macular cavernous hemangioma that was successfully treated with systemic infliximab as a first line of treatment is presented. The patient was referred with decreased vision of the right eye for 6 months.

Regression of vasoproliferative tumor with systemic infliximab.

The anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) monoclonal antibody infliximab inhibits the pleiotropic actions of TNF and is widely used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as uveitis. A pathogenetic role of TNF in ocular inflammatory conditions has recently emerged. The authors describe a patient with collagen mixed disease who had decreased vision in the left eye.

Peripapillary haemorrhagic retinal pigment epithelium detachment following radial optic neurotomy.

Central retinal vein occlusion is a common vascular cause of blidness. In this paper, we first report focal haemorrhagic pigment epithelium detachment and chorioretinal anastomosis in the peripapillary area as an intraoperative complication of radial optic neurotomy (RON). A 65-year-old white man presented with ischaemic central vein occlusion OS.

STRATUSOCT and multifocal ERG in unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy.

Background: Unilateral acute idiopathic maculopathy (UAIM) is a rare entity, in which an inflammatory process involves the macular retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retina. It represents a wide spectrum of ocular findings not consistently present in all patients, which may lead to difficulties in the recognition of the condition.

Methods: This observational case report presents the third-generation optical coherence tomography (StratusOCT) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) findings in a 31-year-old woman with UAIM in the acute phase as well as two months later, and discusses the role of StratusOCT in the diagnosis.