Shoulder injuries in Brazilian professional football players: epidemiological analysis of 3828 games.

Objectives: Football is a globally played sport that poses potential risks for musculoskeletal injuries. Upper-limb injuries have a lower incidence rate than lower-limb injuries but can still cause absenteeism and performance impairment in football players. This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to evaluate and compare the epidemiological data on shoulder injuries among professional football players in two major Brazilian football championships.

Bristow versus Latarjet in high-demand athletes with anterior shoulder instability: a prospective randomized comparison.

Background: Traumatic anterior shoulder instability is a common disease, especially in young athletes. The Latarjet and Bristow techniques are nonanatomical surgeries that involve the transfer of the coracoid process to the anterior border of the glenoid and are indicated in cases at a high risk for recurrence and in the presence of associated bone lesions. Studies have evaluated the recurrence and complications associated with these techniques, but they have important differences, and should not be considered synonymous.

Acetabularization as a Protective Factor in Rotator Cuff Arthropathy.

 To check if shoulders with acetabularization have better functional results in cases of rotator cuff arthropathy.  A clinical and radiological cross-sectional evaluation of 65 shoulders with rotator cuff arthropathy by measuring the range of motion (RoM) of the shoulder, the Constant-Murley score, and the radiological classifications of Hamada and Seebauer. The clinical findings were compared with the radiographic findings.

Partial Rupture of the Distal Triceps in an Athlete: Case Report and Description of Surgical Technique.

Brachial triceps tendon ruptures account for less than 1% of all upper limbs tendinous ruptures. Partial ruptures are underdiagnosed, and a partial rupture may become a total lesion. Complete ruptures usually require surgical treatment; however, there is no well-defined conduct for partial ruptures.

SLAP IV IN OVERHEAD SPORTS PRACTICE.

Unlabelled: Superior labral tear from anterior to posterior (SLAP) is the most common disease in overhead sports practice.

Objective: to evaluate the functional outcome after tenodesis of long head biceps tendon (LHBT) in high-performance patients with isolated SLAP lesion refractory to conservative treatment.

Methods: Patients underwent the same open repair procedure, using an interference screw.

Epigenetic regulation of metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in rotator cuff tears.

Rotator cuff tear is a common orthopedic condition. Metalloproteinases (MMP) and their inhibitors (TIMP) seem to play a role in the development of joint injuries and in the failure of tissue healing. However, the mechanisms of regulation of gene expression in tendons are still unknown.

The roles of Tenascin C and Fibronectin 1 in adhesive capsulitis: a pilot gene expression study.

Objectives: We evaluated mRNA expression levels of genes that encode TGF-β1; the TGF-β1 receptor; the collagen-modifying enzymes LOX, PLOD1, and PLOD2; and the extracellular matrix proteins COMP, FN1, TNC and TNXB in synovial/capsule specimens from patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis. Possible associations between the measured mRNA levels and clinical parameters were also investigated.

Methods: We obtained glenohumeral joint synovium/capsule specimens from 9 patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis who had not shown improvement in symptoms after 5 months of physiotherapy.

Rotator cuff injuries: current perspectives and trends for treatment and rehabilitation.

Objective: To map out the approaches used by Brazilian orthopedists in treating complete tears of the rotator cuff.

Methods: A multiple-choice questionnaire was handed out to 232 orthopedists at the 45th Brazilian Congress of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Of these, 207 were returned but five were incomplete and were excluded.

Differential expression of extracellular matrix genes in glenohumeral capsule of shoulder instability patients.

Anterior shoulder instability is a common orthopedic problem. After a traumatic shoulder dislocation, patients present a plastic deformation of the capsule. The shoulder instability biology remains poorly understood.

Expression analysis of genes involved in collagen cross-linking and its regulation in traumatic anterior shoulder instability.

The molecular alterations involved in the capsule deformation presented in shoulder instability patients are poorly understood. Increased TGFβ1 acts as a signal for production of matrix macromolecules by fibrogenic cells at joint injury sites. TGFβ1, through its receptor TGFβR1, regulates genes involved in collagen cross-linking, such as LOX, PLOD1, and PLOD2.

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies in tendons from patients with rotator cuff tear.

Rotator cuff tear is one of the most common causes of shoulder dysfunction. Gene expression analysis may be a useful tool for understanding tendon tears and the failure of cuff healing, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become an effective method for such studies. However, this technique requires the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization.

Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies of shoulder instability.

Shoulder instability is a common shoulder injury, and patients present with plastic deformation of the glenohumeral capsule. Gene expression analysis may be a useful tool for increasing the general understanding of capsule deformation, and reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become an effective method for such studies. Although RT-qPCR is highly sensitive and specific, it requires the use of suitable reference genes for data normalization to guarantee meaningful and reproducible results.

Complex shoulder injuries in sports.

A 26-year-old Olympic wrestling athlete presented with a pectoralis major muscle injury, glenohumeral instability and acromioclavicular joint dislocation separately. The patient underwent surgical treatment to repair these injuries. The pectoralis major muscle was reconstructed with a semitendinosus tendon graft using the endobutton technique, as described by Pochini et al.

The pectoralis major footprint: An anatomical study.

Objective: To study the insertion of the pectoralis major tendon to the humerus, through knowledge of its dimensions in the coronal and sagittal planes.

Methods: Twenty shoulders from 10 cadavers were dissected and the pectoralis major tendon insertion on the humerus was identified and isolated. The dimensions of its "footprint" (proximal to distal and medial to lateral borders) and the distance from the top edge of the pectoralis major tendon to apex of the humeral head structures were measured.

Clinical considerations for the surgical treatment of pectoralis major muscle ruptures based on 60 cases: a prospective study and literature review.

Background: Early recognition of the clinical signs of ruptures of the pectoralis major muscle (PMM) in athletes by orthopaedic surgeons, physical therapists, and physical trainers may prove to be critical for patient access to surgical treatment while the injury is still in the acute phase.

Hypothesis: Total ruptures of the PMM may yield a better outcome with surgical treatment than with nonoperative treatment in athletes.

Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2.

Anatomic study of the coracoid process: safety margin and practical implications.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to define a safety margin for coracoid process osteotomy that does not compromise the coracoclavicular ligaments and that can be used in the coracoid transfer procedures.

Methods: Thirty shoulders from 15 cadavers were dissected, exposing the coracoid process and attached anatomic structures. The distance of the insertion of these structures to the coracoid process apex was measured.

OSTEOTOMIES OF THE CORACOID PROCESS: AN ANATOMICAL STUDY.

Objective: Relate the main tendinous and ligamentous structures attached in the coracoid process, correlating it to several levels of osteotomy and describing the involved structures.

Methods: Thirty shoulders were dissected. The coracoid process with mainly inserted anatomic structures was dissected, and five levels of osteotomy (1.

Exact moment of bilateral scapular fracture during skydiving captured on video.

A skydiving athlete suffered bilateral scapular fracture while jumping from the plane. A camera showed the exact moment of fracture. The injury seemed to occur during hyperextension of the arms; however, the most common mechanism of fracture is during direct trauma of the shoulder.

An iliac bone stress fracture in a basketball player.

The authors describe the case of an athlete from the Brazilian national men's basketball team (sub-16) who reported pain in the right iliac region at the end of the season. Clinical and imaging exams revealed an iliac bone stress fracture. A conservative treatment of removing the load from the fracture in combination with physical therapy was chosen.