Formation of Epitaxial PdO(100) During the Oxidation of Pd(100).

The catalytic oxidation of CO and CH can be strongly influenced by the structures of oxide phases that form on metallic catalysts during reaction. Here, we show that an epitaxial PdO(100) structure forms at temperatures above 600 K during the oxidation of Pd(100) by gaseous O atoms as well as exposure to O-rich mixtures at millibar partial pressures. The oxidation of Pd(100) by gaseous O atoms preferentially generates an epitaxial, multilayer PdO(101) structure at 500 K, but initiating Pd(100) oxidation above 600 K causes an epitaxial PdO(100) structure to grow concurrently with PdO(101) and produces a thicker and rougher oxide.

Genetically Encoded Detection of Biosynthetic Protease Inhibitors.

Proteases are an important class of drug targets that continue to drive inhibitor discovery. These enzymes are prone to resistance mutations, yet their promise for treating viral diseases and other disorders continues to grow. This study develops a general approach for detecting microbially synthesized protease inhibitors and uses it to screen terpenoid pathways for inhibitory compounds.

Comparison of 0.75% ropivacaine with epinephrine and 0.75% bupivacaine with epinephrine in lumbar epidural anesthesia.

Forty-three ASA physical status I and II patients, scheduled for elective urologic surgery, were randomly entered into a randomized double-blind study using 20 ml bupivacaine 0.75% or 20 ml ropivacaine 0.75%, both with 5 micrograms/ml epinephrine.

Local anesthetic efficacy of ropivacaine (LEA 103) in ulnar nerve block.

Ropivacaine (LEA 103) is a new long-acting local anesthetic that in animal experiments has proved to be equally potent but less toxic than bupivacaine. In this controlled double-blind study in man, the dose-response relation of ropivacaine was examined in peripheral nerve block and its potency was compared to that of bupivacaine. Nerve functions during bilateral ulnar nerve block were monitored in 70 normal subjects by a computer-controlled method.

An open study comparison of 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.0% ropivacaine, with epinephrine, in epidural anesthesia in patients undergoing urologic surgery.

Ropivacaine 0.5%, 0.75% and 1.

Visceral pain during caesarean section under spinal and epidural anaesthesia with bupivacaine.

In a randomized study, the incidence of visceral pain was evaluated in 46 patients undergoing elective caesarean section under spinal or epidural anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine. If the patient experienced pain during the operation, a standard visual analogue scale ranging from 0 to 10 was used to assess the degree of pain.

Effect of fluid preloading on cardiovascular variables after spinal anaesthesia with glucose-free 0.75% bupivacaine.

We studied the effect on systemic arterial pressure of fluid preloading with 1 litre of crystalloid fluid before spinal anaesthesia in 40 patients undergoing minor lower abdominal or lower limb surgery. Fluid was given at a rate of either 1 ml min-1 (no preload group), or 1000 ml in the 15 min (preload group) immediately before induction of spinal anaesthesia with 3 ml of 0.75% glucose-free bupivacaine.

Respiratory diseases in iron ore miners and millers.

Workers in iron mines are at risk of developing interstitial lung disease if the dust levels are above the threshold limit value. However, they more commonly develop the usual diseases that affect all workers. Some illnesses, such as chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, and the collagen vascular diseases that affect the lung, may be more severe because of the inhalation of dust.

The effect of rate of infusion on continuous epidural analgesia for labor and delivery.

The authors previously reported that if a loading dose of 50 mg bupivacaine was followed by infusion of 0.0625% bupivacaine (12.5 mg/hr), supplemental doses to achieve satisfactory analgesia for labor and delivery were required in 50% of patients.

Pneumoconiosis in iron ore surface mining in Labrador.

A cross-sectional survey of the work force at an iron ore surface mine and beneficiation plant in Labrador identified cases with a radiologic diagnosis compatible with simple pneumoconiosis by the International Labour Organization (ILO) classification (1980). Their distribution by ILO categories 1, 2, and 3, after excluding those with confounding diagnoses for pneumoconiosis, was 30, 10, and 2 cases, respectively. ILO category was related to age, duration of current employment, and cumulative respirable dust and quartz levels, as well as to decrement in ventilatory function.

Spinal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine: effects of concentration and volume when administered in the sitting position.

In a double blind study, solutions of 0.5% or 0.75% bupivacaine containing 8% dextrose were compared with regard to the effect of varying concentration and volume when administered intrathecally to patients in the sitting position.

Effects of posture and baricity on spinal anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml. A double-blind study.

In four groups of 10 patients, 0.5% bupivacaine 5 ml was used in spinal anaesthesia for gynaecological surgery. Group 1 received plain solution in the sitting position, group 2 plain solution in the lateral position, group 3 hyperbaric solution in the sitting position and group 4 hyperbaric solution in the lateral position.

Difference in analgesia following epidural blockade in patients with postoperative or chronic low back pain.

Subjective responses of continuous epidural analgesia with bupivacaine were compared in 30 patients with acute (postoperative) or chronic (low back) pain. In the acute pain patients, sensory block was 4 dermatomes at 9 h and 6 dermatomes at 64 h. Corresponding values in the chronic pain patients were 8 and 6 dermatomes respectively.

Absorption of bupivacaine after topical application to the oropharynx.

Bupivacaine in dosages of 20, 40, 60, or 80 mg was applied by spray to the oropharynx of 24 volunteers. Blood levels of bupivacaine were detectable at 10 minutes, peaked at 60-90 minutes, and were still measurable at 150 minutes after administration. The maximum bupivacaine plasma level recorded in any volunteer was 0.

Hypotension in spinal anesthesia: a comparison of isobaric tetracaine with epinephrine and isobaric bupivacaine without epinephrine.

Two isobaric spinal anesthetic solutions (bupivacaine 0.5%/20 mg without epinephrine and tetracaine 0.5%/15 mg with 0.

Comparison of continuous epidural infusion of a local anesthetic and administration of systemic narcotics in the management of pain after total knee replacement surgery.

Continuous bupivacaine epidural analgesia was compared with conventional methods of systemic analgesic administration in the management of postoperative pain in 30 patients for 3 days following total knee replacement surgery. Patients given continuous epidural analgesia had significantly better pain relief (visual analogue scale, global evaluation), needed significantly fewer supplementary analgesics, and had significantly fewer side effects. In the epidural group, sensory block averaged six dermatomes on day 1 and four dermatomes on day 3.

Addition of glucose to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia increases incidence of tourniquet pain.

The effect of baricity of 0.5% bupivacaine on the incidence of tourniquet pain when used for spinal anesthesia was evaluated in 60 patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Three ml of either hyperbaric (8% glucose) or isobaric (glucose-free) solution was used.

Venous blood concentrations after subarachnoid administration of bupivacaine.

Peripheral venous blood concentrations of bupivacaine were measured in 51 patients given 0.5% (4 ml, 20 mg) or 0.75% (3 ml, 22.

Comparative effects of intrathecal bupivacaine and tetracaine on analgesia, cardiovascular function and plasma catecholamines.

Forty otherwise healthy male patients, scheduled for elective inguinal herniotomy, were randomly allocated to spinal anaesthesia with 3 ml 0.5% hyperbaric tetracaine or bupivacaine under double-blind conditions. The extent of blockade (pin-prick and cold sensation), blood pressure and heart rate and plasma catecholamines were measured before and 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min after injection, before skin incision.

Hyperbaric bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in cesarean section.

The efficacy and safety of 0.5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (Sensorcaine, Astra) was evaluated in 22 patients undergoing elective cesarean section under spinal anesthesia. The dose varied from 7.

Subarachnoid anaesthesia with 0.5% bupivacaine: effects of density.

The effects of subarachnoid administration of 0.5% bupivacaine 4 ml in 8%, 5% or 0% glucose were investigated in a double-blind study in 30 women undergoing laparotomy through a lower abdominal incision. The onset time for maximum segmental spread of analgesia was 10-15 min for all solutions.

Spinal analgesia with glucose-free bupivacaine--effects of volume and concentration.

Spinal analgesia using 22.5 mg glucose-free bupivacaine, given either as 3.0 ml of 0.

Endobronchial inflammatory polyp associated with a foreign body. Successful treatment with corticosteroids.

We describe a case of endobronchial polyp associated with a foreign body. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such an occurrence. The polyp was successfully treated with steroids.

Subarachnoid blockade with bupivacaine. A comparison with cinchocaine.

Subarachnoid anaesthesia was induced in 40 patients with 0.5% bupivacaine 3 ml with no glucose, 5% glucose or 8% glucose, or with hyperbaric cinchocaine . The injections were made in the lateral position and the patients turned supine immediately.