Fatigue-Related Changes in Running Technique and Mechanical Variables After a Maximal Incremental Test in Recreational Runners.

Understanding the changes in running mechanics caused by fatigue is essential to assess its impact on athletic performance. Changes in running biomechanics after constant speed conditions are well documented, but the adaptive responses after a maximal incremental test are unknown. We compared the spatiotemporal, joint kinematics, elastic mechanism, and external work parameters before and after a maximal incremental treadmill test.

Biomechanical, physiological and anthropometrical predictors of performance in recreational runners.

Background: The maximal running speed (V) determined on a graded treadmill test is well-recognized as a running performance predictor. However, few studies have assessed the variables that predict V in recreationally active runners.

Methods: We used a mathematical procedure combining Fick's law and metabolic cost analysis to verify the relation between (1) V versus anthropometric and physiological determinants of running performance and, (2) theoretical metabolic cost versus running biomechanical parameters.

Relationship between knee extensor and flexor muscle strength and age in professional volleyball players.

We aimed to analyse the relationship of peak torque (PT) of the knee extensors (Ext) and flexors (Fle) with age, and the relationship between conventional ratio and age progression in volleyball players. A total of 41 elite male volleyball players (age: 25.0 ± 6.

The metabolic cost of emulated aerodynamic drag forces in marathon running.

The benefits of drafting for elite marathon runners are intuitive, but the quantitative energetic and time savings are still unclear due to the different methods used for converting aerodynamic drag force reductions to gross metabolic power savings. Further, we lack a mechanistic understanding of the relationship between aerodynamic drag forces and ground reaction forces (GRFs) over a range of running velocities. Here, we quantified how small horizontal impeding forces affect gross metabolic power and GRF over a range of velocities in competitive runners.

Modelling 5-km Running Performance on Level and Hilly Terrains in Recreational Runners.

Incline and level running on treadmills have been extensively studied due to their different cardiorespiratory and biomechanical acute responses. However, there are no studies examining the performance determinants of outdoor running on hilly terrains. We aimed to investigate the influence of anthropometrics, muscle strength, and cardiorespiratory and gait spatiotemporal parameters during level (0%) and inclined (+7%) running on performance in level and hilly 5-km races.

Triceps Surae Muscle-Tendon Properties as Determinants of the Metabolic Cost in Trained Long-Distance Runners.

This study aimed to determine whether triceps surae's muscle architecture and Achilles tendon parameters are related to running metabolic cost (C) in trained long-distance runners. Seventeen trained male recreational long-distance runners (mean age = 34 years) participated in this study. C was measured during submaximal steady-state running (5 min) at 12 and 16 km h on a treadmill.

Biomechanical responses of Nordic walking in people with Parkinson's disease.

In healthy adults, Nordic walking (NW) is known to increase the external mechanical energy fluctuations, though the external work is unaltered due to an improved pendulum-like recovery in comparison with free walking (FW). We aimed to compare mechanical, pendulum-like, and spatiotemporal parameters of gait at different speeds with and without NW poles in people with Parkinson's disease and healthy controls. The study included 11 people (aged 65.

The relationship between height of vertical jumps, functionality and fall episodes in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A case-control study.

This study aimed to compare the height of jumps and functional parameters in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) to those in healthy people, in addition to assessing the relationship among variables in patients with COPD. Twenty patients with COPD (forced expiratory volume [FEV1] % of predicted: 39.98 ± 11.

Effect of photobiomodulation therapy on performance and running economy in runners: A randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled trial.

The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the 3000 m running performance (primary outcome), running economy (RE), metabolic cost and ratings of perceived exertion during running (secondary outcomes). Twenty male endurance athletes performed 4-min treadmill rectangular test at 12 km.h-1 monitored by a gas analyser.

Gait parameters of Parkinson's disease compared with healthy controls: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

We systematically reviewed observational and clinical trials (baseline) studies examining differences in gait parameters between Parkinson's disease (PD) in on-medication state and healthy control. Four electronic databases were searched (November-2018 and updated in October-2020). Independent researchers identified studies that evaluated gait parameters measured quantitatively during self-selected walking speed.

Physiological Predictors of Maximal Incremental Running Performance.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to verify whether physiological components [vertical jumps (Squat Jump - SJ and Countermovement Jump - CMJ), eccentric utilization ratio (EUR) of vertical jumps, running economy (RE), metabolic cost (C ), first and second ventilatory threshold (VT and VT) maximal oxygen uptake (VO)] can predict maximal endurance running performance.

Methods: Twenty male runners performed maximal vertical jumps, submaximal running at constant speeds, and maximal incremental running test. Before, we measured anthropometric parameters (body mass and height) and registered the training history and volume.

Stress and recovery perception, creatine kinase levels, and performance parameters of male volleyball athletes in a preseason for a championship.

Background: Training load and adequate recovery have been identified as essential elements to improve well-being and performance in team sports and avoid non-functional overreaching and overtraining.

Objective: This cohort study sought to analyze the stress and recovery perceptions, creatine kinase levels (CK), and vertical jump performance of volleyball athletes at different training times during a championship preseason.

Methods: Thirteen high-level male volleyball players (23.

Nordic walking training in elderly, a randomized clinical trial. Part II: Biomechanical and metabolic adaptations.

Background: Nordic walking is an attractive method of endurance training. Nevertheless, the biomechanic response due to the additional contribution of using poles in relation to free walking training has been less explored in the elderly.

Purpose: This randomized parallel controlled trial aimed to assess the effects of 8 weeks of Nordic walking and free walking training on the walking economy, mechanical work, metabolically optimal speed, and electromyographic activation in elderly.

Sprint exercise for subjects with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's disease: Feasibility and biomechanical outputs.

Background: High-intensity training, a still unexplored exercise for individuals with Parkinson's disease, is positively related with increased functionality and aerobic profile in healthy individuals. The aim of this work was to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and acceptance of sprint running in individuals with mild-to-moderate Parkinson's. Additionally, we compared sprint biomechanical outputs of force, velocity and power between individuals with Parkinson's disease and healthy.

Landing-Takeoff Asymmetries Applied to Running Mechanics: A New Perspective for Performance.

Background: Elastic bouncing is a physio-mechanical model that can elucidate running behavior in different situations, including landing and takeoff patterns and the characteristics of the muscle-tendon units during stretch and recoil in running. An increase in running speed improves the body's elastic mechanisms. Although some measures of elastic bouncing are usually carried out, a general description of the elastic mechanism has not been explored in running performance.

Effects of Nordic walking training on quality of life, balance and functional mobility in elderly: A randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: There is physiological and biomechanical evidence suggesting a possible advantage of using poles in walking training programs. The purpose of this proof-of-concept study was to test the hypothesis that untrained elderly training Nordic walking for eight weeks will show higher improvements on the functional mobility, quality of life and postural balance than that training without poles; more likely to occur in self-selected walking speed (primary outcome), and the locomotor rehabilitation index than the quality of life, the static balance and the dynamic stability. It was a two-arm randomized sample- and load-controlled study.

Kinematic Comparison of the Roundhouse Kick Between Taekwondo, Karate, and Muaythai.

Diniz, R, Del Vecchio, FB, Schaun, GZ, Oliveira, HB, Portella, EG, da Silva, ES, Formalioni, A, Campelo, PCC, Peyré-Tartaruga, LA, and Pinto, SS. Kinematic comparison of the roundhouse kick between taekwondo, karate, and muaythai. J Strength Cond Res 35(1): 198-204, 2021-The roundhouse kick (RHK) is frequently executed in taekwondo, karate, and muaythai because of its high technical effectiveness during combat.

Physical Activity and Incident Depression: A Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.

Objective: The authors examined the prospective relationship between physical activity and incident depression and explored potential moderators.

Method: Prospective cohort studies evaluating incident depression were searched from database inception through Oct. 18, 2017, on PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, and SPORTDiscus.

Gait and functionality of individuals with visual impairment who participate in sports.

Background: Individuals with visual impairment (VI) have often been observed to walk slower than individuals with unimpaired vision. These observations might be confounded by typical low levels of physical activity and greater sedentary behavior in individuals with VI than the overall population.

Research Question: Here, we compared gait and balance measures between individuals with VI who participate in disability sports, and activity level matched sighted individuals.

Psychocultural Mechanisms of the Propensity toward Criminal Homicide: A Multidimensional View of the Culture of Honor.

Theory of the Culture of Honor is one of the few models in criminology specifically geared toward homicide. It proposes that, in certain societies, men must never show weakness and are required to react violently to any perceived threats to their reputation, thereby increasing their probability of committing a homicide. This has been suggested as the main explanation for the high rates of this type of crime in Brazil, particularly in the Northeast.