Black Crust Complex: Influence of Temperature and Period of Wetness on the Development of Fungi in .

The objective of this work was to evaluate the development of sp. and its asexual form, sp., under different environmental conditions in the rubber tree ().

Morphoanatomical Changes in Leaves Associated with Resistance to in Plants of Two Ages.

The fungus infects young tissues of plants until they are two years old in the nursery and field, causing Myrtaceae rust. The characteristics making older eucalypt leaves resistant to and the reason for the low levels of this pathogen in older plants need evaluations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological differences between leaves of different growth stages and two plant ages to propose a visual phenological scale to classify leaves according to their maturation stages and to evaluate the time of leaf maturation for young and adult plants.

Initial Studies of the Response of Rubber Tree Seedlings Treated with Saprobic Fungi from the Semiarid Region of Northeast Brazil to Anthracnose.

Anthracnose, caused by fungi of the genus is present in the main areas where rubber trees () are planted. Thus, considering that biological agents can be an alternative for disease control, the present study aimed to carry out initial studies to investigate the response of rubber tree seedlings inoculated with Colletotrichum and treated with saprobes fungi from the semiarid region of Northeast Brazil (, , and ). Seedlings of the rubber tree clone RRIM600 were sprayed with biocontrol agents as preventive and curative treatments seven days before and after inoculation, respectively.

Monitoring Colonization and Reproduction in Different Rubber Tree Clones.

Anthracnose, caused by fungi of the genus , is present in the major rubber tree crop areas in Brazil, especially in São Paulo, Mato Grosso do Sul, Paraná, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, and northern states. This disease can affect different tissues of the rubber tree, leading to production losses. Thus, a better understanding of the pathosystem x rubber tree can provide evidence to subsequent epidemiological research and phytosanitary management studies of this disease in the field.

Structural and Biochemical Aspects Related to Resistance and Susceptibility of Rubber Tree Clones to Anthracnose.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate structural and biochemical aspects related to the interaction of resistant (RRIM 937, IAC 502 and 507) and susceptible (RRIM 600) rubber tree clones with . For such analysis, ultrathin sections of the leaf limb were embedded in historesin and differently stained to verify structural alterations and presence of starch grains, arginine, lipids, tannins and lignins. The total proteins and activity of the enzymes peroxidase and (PAL) were quantified.

Influence of Mycosphaerella and Teratosphaeria leaf diseases on chemical composition of essential oils of Eucalyptus globulus and effect of these essential oils on ascospores germination.

In a first step, essential oils were extracted from Eucalyptus globulus leaves, healthy and with symptoms and signs of Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD) and Teratosphaeria leaf disease (TLD), in two leaf stages. Stage 1: sessile, oval leaves covered by a waxy layer of a bluish colour, with opposite phyllotaxis, inserted along stems of quadrangular section. Stage 2: narrow and sickle leaves with a greyish green surface, mainly on the abaxial surface, inserted in alternating pairs along rounded stems.

Thousand cankers disease in : Optimizing sampling and identification procedures for the vector , and the causal agent .

Lindgren funnel traps were used to monitor occurrence Traps were placed directly on walnut trees, with the top tied to one of the lower branches (about 2m high). An 8-funnel model was used instead of a 4-funnel trap, with the specific pheromone bait positioned between the fourth and the fifth funnel. Traps were customized with a 5mm metal mesh which was placed inside the bottom funnel so that debris (mainly foliage) and larger non-target insects would not end up inside the collecting jar.

Biocompatibility studies of natural rubber latex from different tree clones and collection methods.

Natural rubber latex (NRL) has several features that make it an excellent biomaterial to promote the growth and repair of tissues, skin and bones. Most of the research with NRL membranes uses a mixture of different clones and chemical preservatives in the collection process. In this study, we compared five clones that produce NRL, seeking to identify their differences in biocompatibility.

Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined to multivariate data analysis for detection of disease-resistant clones of Eucalyptus.

In this paper it is reported the use of the chromatographic profiles from volatile fractions of plant clones - in this case, hybrids of Eucalyptus grandis×Eucalyptus urophylla - to determine specimens susceptible to rust disease. The analytes were isolated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography combined to fast quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS). Parallel Factor Analysis (PARAFAC) was employed for estimate the correlation between the chromatographic profiles and resistance against Eucalyptus rust, after preliminary variable selection performed by Fisher ratio analysis.

Determination of disease biomarkers in Eucalyptus by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography and multivariate data analysis.

In this paper is reported the use of the chromatographic profiles of volatiles to determine disease markers in plants - in this case, leaves of Eucalyptus globulus contaminated by the necrotroph fungus Teratosphaeria nubilosa. The volatile fraction was isolated by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography-fast quadrupole mass spectrometry (GC×GC-qMS). For the correlation between the metabolic profile described by the chromatograms and the presence of the infection, unfolded-partial least squares discriminant analysis (U-PLS-DA) with orthogonal signal correction (OSC) were employed.

Selection of fungi for accelerated decay in stumps of Eucalyptus spp.

The objective of this study was to select decay fungi for biological degradation of stumps and roots from Eucalyptus spp. in forest stands. Five fungal isolates were cultured.

Decay resistance of thermally-modified Eucalyptus grandis wood at 140 degrees C, 160 degrees C, 180 degrees C, 200 degrees C and 220 degrees C.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on the biological resistance of Eucalyptus grandis wood to the decay fungus Picnoporus sanguineus. Boards from 5 years and 11 months old E. grandis trees, taken from the stock possessed by the Duratex-SA company, were thermally-modified at 140 degrees C, 160 degrees C, 180 degrees C, 200 degrees C and 220 degrees C in the Laboratory of Wood Drying and Preservation from UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.