Gynecologic health care for LGBTQIA+ people.

Gender relations are a set of socially determined norms and rules that assign values, characteristics, and expectations to individuals based on their biological sex. These aspects also influence the clinician-patient relationship, since it has been for a long time based on cisheteronormativity. However, this attitude alienated the LGBTQIA+ community from health services.

Effects of Melatonin Alone or Associated with Acyclovir on the Suppressive Treatment of Recurrent Genital Herpes: A Prospective, Randomized, and Double-Blind Study.

Unlabelled: Suppressive therapy of recurrent genital herpes is a challenge, and melatonin may be an alternative.

Objective: To evaluate the action of melatonin, acyclovir, or the association of melatonin with acyclovir as a suppressive treatment in women with recurrent genital herpes.

Design: The study was prospective, double-blind, and randomized, including 56 patients as follows: (a) The melatonin group received 180 placebo capsules in the 'day' container and 180 melatonin 3 mg capsules in the 'night' container ( = 19); (b) The acyclovir group received 360 capsules of 400 mg acyclovir twice a day (one capsule during the day and another during the night) ( = 15); (c) the melatonin group received 180 placebo capsules in the 'day' container and 180 melatonin 3 mg capsules in the 'night' container ( = 22).

SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 and human reproduction - A changing perspective - A 2022 update.

• SARS-CoV-2 can temporarily reduce male fertility and alter sperm parameters. • Reversible menstrual disturbances happened after infection and vaccination. • IVF outcomes and laboratory parameters were not affected by SARS-CoV-2.

Is U=U consistently known and implemented? A survey among different medical specialists in Brazil.

Despite solid scientific evidence, the concepts of treatment as prevention (TASP) and Undetectable = Untransmittable (U = U) remain unfamiliar and underutilized for some healthcare providers. We conducted a self-completion survey to evaluate the knowledge of TASP/U = U in different medical specialties. Wilcoxon Rank-Sum, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used for group comparisons and a logistic regression model was used to assess factors independently associated with U = U-non-supportive attitudes.

Uterine volume, menstrual patterns, and contraceptive outcomes in users of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system: A cohort study with a five-year follow-up.

Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the effects of the LNG-IUS on uterine volume, bleeding patterns, and LNG-IUS-related outcomes among women using the device to treat abnormal uterine bleeding caused by fibroids, adenomyosis, HMB (without structural cause), or contraception.

Study Design: This was a 5-year cohort study with LNG-IUS users. We selected 147 women, who were allocated to four groups: a) control (contraception indication); b) fibroids; c) adenomyosis; d) HMB.

Effects of clinical and metabolic variables and hormones on the expression of immune protein biomarkers in the endometrium of women with polycystic ovary syndrome and normal-cycling controls.

Background: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are at an elevated risk of endometrial cancer, which may be associated with the continuous proliferative state caused by the interaction between hormones and metabolic factors.

Objective: To investigate the impact of hormones and metabolic factors in the proliferation and death of endometrium during the proliferative phase.

Methods: Cross-sectional study with 11 women with PCOS and eight normal-cycling non-PCOS controls at the Federal University of the State of Rio de Janeiro from February 2011 to June 2019.

Hyperestrogenemia resulting from a granulosa cell tumor and causing pulmonary thromboembolism: a case report.

Estrogen modulates platelet activation and aggregation, and it increases the levels of the von Willebrand factor, factors II, VII, VIII, and X, and of fibrinogen, all of which increase the risk for thromboembolism. We report the case of a 59-year-old woman, postmenopausal for 4 years, not using hormone replacement therapy, who was admitted into the emergency room with shortness of breath and increased abdominal volume. After physical examination and imaging and biochemical tests, she was diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism and a large left adnexal tumor.

Coronavirus Disease 2019 and Human Reproduction: A Changing Perspective.

Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the coronavirus disease 2019 has had a wide range of effects on human health. This paper summarizes the data related to the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection on human reproduction. Both the male and female reproductive tract express high levels of receptors and proteins needed for viral cell entry.

Etonogestrel-releasing contraceptive implant in a patient using thalidomide for the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum: a case report.

Introduction: Thalidomide is an immunomodulatory drug and first choice in the treatment of erythema nodosum leprosum. Given its teratogenic potential, it is essential that an effective contraceptive method is used, especially a long-acting reversible contraceptive (LARC) method. The subdermal etonogestrel (ENG)-releasing implant is an adequate method due to the high effectiveness and long-term use.

A positive HPV test with positive p16/Ki-67 double staining in self-sampled vaginal material is an accurate tool to detect women at risk for cervical cancer.

Background: The development of efficient strategies for managing high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV)-positive women is a major challenge when human papillomavirus-based primary screening is being performed. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of HR-HPV testing based on self-collection (SC) and HR-HPV testing based on collection by a health professional (HP) and to assess the potential usefulness of HR-HPV testing combined with testing with the biomarkers p16/Ki-67, α-mannosidase, and superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2).

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 232 women admitted for colposcopy because of an abnormal Papanicolaou smear.

Risk of venous thromboembolism in users of contraception and menopausal hormone therapy during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objectives: The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a public health emergency of international concern. Inflammatory changes are part of COVID-19 pathophysiology and this might generate a higher thromboembolic risk in patients using combined hormonal contraception and menopausal hormone therapy. We aimed to discuss the main aspects related to this issue and propose management strategies for women affected by COVID-19.

Contraception and reproductive planning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a global health emergency. Major disruption to healthcare services during the current COVID-19 pandemic will last even after its peak. Sexual and reproductive health (SRH), specially contraception, needs to be understood as an essential service.

Age-related acceptability of vaginal self-sampling in cervical cancer screening at two university hospitals: a pilot cross-sectional study.

Background: To determine whether age is a barrier against acceptability of cervicovaginal self-sampling in screening for cervical cancer at two gynecology outpatient clinics.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study involving 116 women over 21 years of age with an abnormal Pap smear. Clinical and laboratorial data were recorded in electronic files.

Antihypertensive and vasorelaxant effects of ethanol extract of stem barks from Zanthoxylum rhoifolium Lam. in rats.

Administration of ethanol extract of stem bark from Z. rhoifolium (EEtOH-ZR) induced hypotension associated with a dual effect in heart rate in normotensive rats. This response was highlighted in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).