High genetic structure of Spondias mombin in Brazil revealed with SNP markers.

Spondias mombin L. (Anacardiaceae) is an arboreal and allogamous fruit tree native from southern Mexico to southeastern Brazil, with great potential for economic exploitation. This study aimed to evaluate the structure and genomic diversity of yellow mombin accessions collected in nine locations in Brazil using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) markers.

Genome size and identification of repetitive DNA sequences using low coverage sequencing in Hancornia speciosa Gomes (Apocynaceae: Gentianales).

Repetitive DNA is an important component of eukaryotic genomes, accounting for more than 90% of the genome size of some species, including mobile elements and satellite DNA sequences. The aim of study was to characterize the genome of Hancornia speciosa Gomes using C-value genome size estimate and repetitive DNA sequences analysis. The genome size estimate was obtained by flow cytometry and the repetitive DNA sequences were accessed using graph-based clustering.

Assessment of Gene Flow to Wild Relatives and Nutritional Composition of Sugarcane in Brazil.

The commercial release of genetically modified organisms (GMO) requires a prior environmental and human/animal health risk assessment. In Brazil, the National Biotechnology Technical Commission (CTNBio) requires a survey of the area of natural occurrence of wild relatives of the GMO in the Brazilian ecosystems to evaluate the possibility of introgressive hybridization between sexually compatible species. Modern sugarcane cultivars, the focus of this study, derive from a series of hybridization and backcrossing events among species.

Synthesis and trypanocidal activity of novel pyridinyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives.

Herein, we present the design, synthesis and trypanocidal evaluation of sixteen new 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives from N-aminobenzyl or N-arylhydrazone series. All derivatives were assayed against the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi, showing IC values ranging from 3 to 226 μM, and a better trypanocidal profile was demonstrated for the 1,3,4-thiadiazole-N-arylhydrazones (3a-g). In this series, the 2-pyridinyl fragment bound to the imine subunit of the hydrazine moiety presented pharmacophoric behavior for trypanocidal activity.

Synthesis, Antitrypanosomal and Antimycobacterial Activities of Coumarin N-acylhydrazonic Derivatives.

Background: Near to 5-7 million people are infected with T. cruzi in the world, and about 10,000 people per year die of problems associated with this disease.

Methods: Herein, the synthesis, antitrypanosomal and antimycobacterial activities of seventeen coumarinic N-acylhydrazonic derivatives have been reported.

Erratum: Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of ()-'-benzyl-idene-2-oxo-2-chromene-3-carbo-hydrazide and the disordered hemi-DMSO solvate of ()-2-oxo-'-(3,4,5-trimeth-oxybenzyl-idene)-2-chromene-3-carbohydrazide: lattice energy and inter-molecular inter-action energy calculations for the former. Corrigendum.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1107/S2056989019012015.].

Crystal structures and Hirshfeld surface analyses of ()-'-benzyl-idene-2-oxo-2-chromene-3-carbo-hydrazide and the disordered hemi-DMSO solvate of ()-2-oxo-'-(3,4,5-trimeth-oxybenzyl-idene)-2-chromene-3-carbohydrazide: lattice energy and inter-molecular inter-action energy calculations for the former.

The crystal structures of the disordered hemi-DMSO solvate of ()-2-oxo-'-(3,4,5-tri-meth-oxy-benzyl-idene)-2-chromene-3-carbohydrazide, CHNO·0.5CHOS, and ()-'-benzyl-idene-2-oxo-2-chromene-3-carbohydrazide, CHNO (: = CH), are discussed. The non-hydrogen atoms in compound [: = (3,4,5-MeO)CH)] exhibit a distinct curvature, while those in compound, (: = CH), are essential coplanar.

Synthesis and Antitrypanosomal Profile of Novel Hydrazonoyl Derivatives.

Background: Approximately, 5-7 million people are infected with T. cruzi in the world, and approximately 10,000 people per year die of complications linked to this disease.

Methods: This work describes the construction of a new family of hidrazonoyl substituted derivatives, structurally designed exploring the molecular hybridization between megazol and nitrofurazone.

Identification of Novel Functionalized Carbohydrazonamides Designed as Chagas Disease Drug Candidates.

Background: Although several research efforts have been made worldwide to discover novel drug candidates for the treatment of Chagas disease, the nitroimidazole drug benznidazol remains the only therapeutic alternative in the control of this disease. However, this drug presents reduced efficacy in the chronic form of the disease and limited safety after long periods of administration, making it necessary to search for new, more potent and safe prototypes.

Objective: We described herein the synthesis and the trypanocidalaction of new functionalized carbohydrazonamides (2-10) against trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Different mol-ecular conformations in the crystal structures of three 5-nitro-imidazolyl derivatives.

The crystal structures of ()-1-methyl-5-nitro-1-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde -benzyl-oxime, CHNO, (I), ()-1-methyl-5-nitro-1-imidazole-2-carb-alde-hyde -(4-fluoro-benz-yl) oxime, CHFNO, (II), and ()-1-methyl-5-nitro-1-imidazole-2-carbaldehyde -(4-bromo-benz-yl) oxime, CHBrNO, (III), are described. The dihedral angle between the ring systems in (I) is 49.66 (5)° and the linking N-C-C=N (m = methyl-ated) bond shows an conformation [torsion angle = 175.

Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Haitian immigrants and the risk of re-emergence of lymphatic filariasis in the Brazilian Amazon.

Introduction:: Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a public health problem in Haiti. Thus, the emigration of Haitians to Brazil is worrisome because of the risk for LF re-emergence.

Methods:: Blood samples of Haitian immigrants, aged ≥18 years, who emigrated to Manaus (Brazilian Amazon), were examined using thick blood smears, membrane blood filtration, and immunochromatography.

Antiprotozoal activity of (E)-cinnamic N-acylhydrazone derivatives.

A series of 14 (E)-cinnamic N-acylhydrazone derivatives, designed through molecular hybridization between the (E)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and (E)-3-hydroxy-N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-7-methoxy-2-naphthohydrazide, were tested for in vitro antiparasitic activity upon axenic amastigote forms of Leishmania donovani and bloodstream forms of Trypamosoma brucei rhodesiense. The derivative (2E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-5-nitrophenyl)-N'-[(1E)-phenylmethylene]acrylohydrazide showed moderate antileishmanial activity (IC50 = 6.27 µM) when compared to miltefosine, the reference drug (IC50 = 0.

Synthesis and trypanocidal activity of novel 2,4,5-triaryl-N-hydroxylimidazole derivatives.

Herein, we report the design, synthesis and trypanocidal activity of some novel trisubstituted imidazole derivatives. These heterocyclic derivatives were structurally planned by exploring the concept of molecular hybridisation between two arylhydrazones derived from megazol, which has potent trypanocidal activity. The trypanocidal activity of these triarylimidazole derivatives was evaluated against infective trypomastigote forms of T.

(2E)-N'-[(E)-Benzyl-idene]-3-phenyl-prop-2-enohydrazide from synchrotron radiation.

In the title compound, C(16)H(14)N(2)O, the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 25.48 (12)°. An E conformation is found for each of the imine [1.

(2E)-N'-[(E)-2-Hy-droxy-benzyl-idene]-3-phenyl-prop-2-enohydrazide.

In the non-planar title compound, C(16)H(14)N(2)O(2), the dihedral angle between the phenyl rings is 16.67 (8)°. An E conformation is found for each of the imine [1.

Design and synthesis of new (E)-cinnamic N-acylhydrazones as potent antitrypanosomal agents.

We report herein the synthesis and trypanocidal profile of new (E)-cinnamic N-acylhydrazones (NAHs) designed by exploiting molecular hybridization between the potent cruzain inhibitors (E)-1-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-3-(4-bromophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one and (E)-3-hydroxy-N'-((2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)methylene)-7-methoxy-2-naphthohydrazide. These derivatives were evaluated against both amastigote and trypomastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi and lead us to identify two compounds that were approximately two times more active than the reference drug, benznidazole, and with good cytotoxic index. Although designed as cruzain inhibitors, the weak potency displayed by the best cinnamyl NAH derivatives indicated that another mechanism of action was likely responsible for their trypanocide action.

Synthesis and antitubercular activity of new L-serinyl hydrazone derivatives.

A series of 32 L-serinyl hydrazone derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, being also evaluated their cell viabilities in non infected and infected macrophages with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). The compounds 8c, 8e, 8h and 8i, were non-cytotoxic and exhibited an important minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) activity between 25 and 100 μg/mL, which can be compared with that of the tuberculostatic drug D-cicloserine (5-20 μg/mL).

Comparative study of the effects of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium mesoionic derivatives on energy-linked functions of rat liver mitochondria.

The main goal of this work was to investigate the relationship between the effects of three new 1,3,4-thiadiazolium mesoionic derivatives on mitochondrial bioenergetics and their previously described chemical structure and antimelanoma activity. The 4-phenyl-5-(2'-Y, 4'-X or 4'-X-cinnamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine chlorides differed from each other only in the cinnamoyl ring substituent: MI-J, X=OH; MI-F, X=F; MI-2,4diF X=Y=F. The state 3 respiratory rate was strongly decreased by all derivatives, reaching total inhibition of MI-4F and MI-2,4diF (130nmolmg(-1) protein), when glutamate plus malate were used as substrate.

(2E)-N'-[(E)-4-Chloro-benzyl-idene]-3-phenyl-prop-2-enohydrazide monohydrate.

The conformation about each of the imine and ethene bonds in the title hydrazide hydrate, C(16)H(13)ClN(2)O·H(2)O, is E. The hydrazide mol-ecule is approximately planar (r.m.

Metabolism of the mesoionic compound (MI-D) by mouse liver microsome, detection of its metabolite in vivo, and acute toxicity in mice.

The mesoionic derivative 4-phenyl-5-[4-nitrocinnamoyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2-phenylamine chloride (MI-D) has antitumoral and anti-inflammatory effects. In this study, we present aspects of its metabolism and toxicity in mice. MI-D was metabolized in vitro by liver microsome, generating a main product with a much shorter retention time than MI-D in high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis but with a spectrum similar to that of the original molecule.

(2E)-N'-Benzoyl-3-(4-nitro-phen-yl)prop-2-enohydrazide.

In the title compound, C(16)H(13)N(3)O(4), the dihedral angle between the terminal benzene rings is 14.02 (7)°. The carbonyl groups are anti with respect to each other, which facilitates their participation in the formation of supra-molecular chains.

5-(3-Nitro-benz-yl)-1,3,4-thia-diazol-2-amine.

In the title mol-ecule, C(9)H(8)N(4)O(2)S, the dihedral angle between the thia-diazole and benzene rings is 73.92 (8)° and the thia-diazole group S atom is orientated towards the benzene ring, the central S-C-C-C torsion angle being 45.44 (18)°.

N'-[(2E)-3-Phenyl-prop-2-eno-yl]benzo-hydrazide.

In the title compound, C(16)H(14)N(2)O(2), the conformation about the C=C bond is E, and the two amide groups are effectively orthogonal [the C-N-N-C torsion angle is 104.5 (2)°]. In the crystal structure, the amide groups groups associate via N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding, forming supra-molecular tapes with undulating topology along the c-axis direction.

The inhibition of lipoperoxidation by mesoionic compound MI-D: a relationship with its uncoupling effect and scavenging activity.

Important biological activities have been described for mesoionic compounds. We previously reported that MI-D (4-phenyl-5-(4-nitro-cinnamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-phenylamine chloride) inhibited the respiratory chain, collapsed the transmembrane potential, and stimulated ATPase activity in intact rat liver mitochondria. It is known that drugs that affect mitochondrial membrane potential may facilitate the induction of cell death by apoptosis.

Antileishmanial activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazolium-2-aminide in mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis.

The efficacy of two mesoionic derivatives (MI-H-H and MI-4-OCH(3)) was evaluated in CBA/J mice infected with Leishmania amazonensis. Treatment with these compounds demonstrated that the MI-4-OCH(3) derivative and the reference drug meglumine antimoniate (Glucantime) presented significant activity relative to an untreated control. No apparent hepatic or renal toxicity due to these mesoionic compounds was found.