Ectropion Repair Techniques and the Role of Adjunctive Superotemporal Skin Transposition for Tarsal Ectropion.

Ectropion is a common eyelid problem and is defined as eversion of the eyelid margin and typically involves the lower eyelid. The main acquired causes of ectropion include involutional, cicatricial, paralytic, and mechanical. A severe manifestation of ectropion is tarsal ectropion, where much of the tarsal conjunctiva is visible, often with keratinization of the conjunctiva.

Inequities in glaucoma research: an analysis of Cochrane systematic reviews and randomized trials.

Objectives: To understand the level of equity considerations within Cochrane systematic reviews (CSR) on glaucoma and their primary studies.

Methods: A review of equity considerations in systematic reviews on glaucoma published in The Cochrane Library from inception (2003) to January 31, 2024 and a sample of recently published primary studies included in those reviews (n = 122). Extraction was performed by two independent reviewers using a prepiloted extraction form based on a validated, contemporary, structured equity framework.

Periocular Aging Across Populations and Esthetic Considerations: A Narrative Review.

As the face ages, the skin, fat, muscle, and fascia descend, and the underlying bone, cartilage, and teeth may lose mass. Oculofacial aging is a multifactorial process that is influenced by genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This review summarizes the patterns of oculofacial aging that are observed across populations, including variations in periorbital hollowing, eyelid ptosis, and skin elasticity.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Comprehensiveness of Canadian and American Ophthalmology Residency Program Websites.

Purpose: We descriptively and comparatively evaluated the comprehensiveness of Canadian and US-accredited ophthalmology residency program websites as of August 28, 2024.

Methods: Using Canadian Resident Matching Service ( = 15) and US Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database ( = 125), we assessed website content across seven criteria: recruitment, faculty, residents, education/research, teaching, benefits, and community. Two independent reviewers used a 40-point system, with Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc pairwise tests for analysis by country and funding model.

Large Language Models in the Diagnosis of Hand and Peripheral Nerve Injuries: An Evaluation of ChatGPT and the Isabel Differential Diagnosis Generator.

Purpose: Tools using artificial intelligence may help reduce missed or delayed diagnoses and improve patient care in hand surgery. This study aimed to compare and evaluate the performance of two natural language processing programs, Isabel and ChatGPT-4, in diagnosing hand and peripheral nerve injuries from a set of clinical vignettes.

Methods: Cases from a virtual library of hand surgery case reports with no history of trauma or previous surgery were included in this study.

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of orbital fractures: a sex-based cohort analysis.

Purpose: This study aims to identify clinical similarities and differences between males and females presenting with orbital fracture.

Methods: Patient charts of adult orbital fracture cases diagnosed via computed tomography and referred by a level 1 trauma center to the McGill University Health Centre between August 2015 to January 2018 were examined and analyzed. Clinical parameters included age, sex, mechanism of injury, morphology of orbital fracture, symptoms and examination features, and rates of ocular pathology.

ChatGPT and retinal disease: a cross-sectional study on AI comprehension of clinical guidelines.

Objective: To evaluate the performance of an artificial intelligence (AI) large language model, ChatGPT (version 4.0), for common retinal diseases, in accordance with the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) Preferred Practice Pattern (PPP) guidelines.

Design: A cross-sectional survey study design was employed to compare the responses made by ChatGPT to established clinical guidelines.

Gender, Race, and Ethnicity of US Academic Ophthalmology Faculty and Department Chairs From 1966 to 2021.

Importance: Workforce diversity is integral to optimal function within health care teams.

Objective: To analyze gender, race, and ethnicity trends in rank and leadership among US full-time academic ophthalmology faculty and department chairs between 1966 and 2021.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study included full-time US academic ophthalmology faculty and department chairs registered in the Association of American Medical Colleges.

Gender inclusivity of ophthalmology journal submission guidelines and associated research metrics.

Purpose: This cross-sectional study evaluated the prevalence of inclusive author submission guidelines across ophthalmology journals.

Methods: Journals were identified from the 2021 Journal Citations Report (Clarivate Analytics). Independent reviewers rated each author submission guideline as "inclusive" for satisfying at-least one of six criteria: i) included examples of gender inclusive language; ii) recommended the use of gender-inclusive language; iii) distinguished between sex and gender; iv) provided educational resources on gender-inclusive language; v) provided a policy permitting name changes (e.

Incidence of Sympathetic Ophthalmia after Intraocular Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Topic: Sympathetic ophthalmia (SO) is a rare bilateral granulomatous panuveitis that can present after trauma or intraocular surgery (IOS). The incidence of SO after IOS varies among studies. The purpose of this review was to determine the incidence proportion of SO after IOS.

Gender Representation on North American Ophthalmology Societies' Governance Boards.

 We examined the gender distribution and academic productivity of North American ophthalmology societies' board members.  Cross-sectional and retrospective study of board members on American and Canadian ophthalmology societies. In December 2022, data was gathered from society webpages, online archives, and the Scopus database for publication information.

Chatbots, generative AI, and scholarly manuscripts: WAME recommendations on chatbots and generative artificial intelligence in relation to scholarly publications.

This statement revises our earlier "WAME Recommendations on ChatGPT and Chatbots in Relation to Scholarly Publications" (January 20, 2023). The revision reflects the proliferation of chatbots and their expanding use in scholarly publishing over the last few months, as well as emerging concerns regarding lack of authenticity of content when using chatbots. These recommendations are intended to inform editors and help them develop policies for the use of chatbots in papers published in their journals.

Evaluating ChatGPT on Orbital and Oculofacial Disorders: Accuracy and Readability Insights.

Purpose: To assess the accuracy and readability of responses generated by the artificial intelligence model, ChatGPT (version 4.0), to questions related to 10 essential domains of orbital and oculofacial disease.

Methods: A set of 100 questions related to the diagnosis, treatment, and interpretation of orbital and oculofacial diseases was posed to ChatGPT 4.

Exploring the potential utility of AI large language models for medical ethics: an expert panel evaluation of GPT-4.

Integrating large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 into medical ethics is a novel concept, and understanding the effectiveness of these models in aiding ethicists with decision-making can have significant implications for the healthcare sector. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of GPT-4 in responding to complex medical ethical vignettes and to gauge its utility and limitations for aiding medical ethicists. Using a mixed-methods, cross-sectional survey approach, a panel of six ethicists assessed LLM-generated responses to eight ethical vignettes.