Assessing personalized responses to anti-PD-1 treatment using patient-derived lung tumor-on-chip.

There is a compelling need for approaches to predict the efficacy of immunotherapy drugs. Tumor-on-chip technology exploits microfluidics to generate 3D cell co-cultures embedded in hydrogels that recapitulate simplified tumor ecosystems. Here, we present the development and validation of lung tumor-on-chip platforms to quickly and precisely measure ex vivo the effects of immune checkpoint inhibitors on T cell-mediated cancer cell death by exploiting the power of live imaging and advanced image analysis algorithms.

Detection of Nine Oncogenes Amplification in Lung and Colorectal Cancer Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples using Combined Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Script and Digital Droplet Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Introduction: Gene copy number variations have theranostic impact and require reliable methods for their identification. We aimed to evaluate the reliability of combined next-generation sequencing (NGS) and digital droplet PCR (ddPCR) method for gene amplification evaluation.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentric observational study.

Autoantibodies are associated with disease progression in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Several reports have highlighted a potential role of autoreactive B-cells and autoantibodies that correlates with increased disease severity in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Here we show that patients with IPF have an altered B-cell phenotype and that those subjects who have autoantibodies against the intermediate filament protein periplakin (PPL) have a significantly worse outcome in terms of progression-free survival. Using a mouse model of lung fibrosis, we demonstrate that introducing antibodies targeting the endogenous protein PPL (mimicking naturally occurring autoantibodies seen in patients) directly in the lung increases lung injury, inflammation, collagen and fibronectin expression through direct activation of follicular dendritic cells, which in turn activates and drives proliferation of fibroblasts.

[Digestive infectious pathology: Diagnoses not to be missed].

The recent context of COVID-19 has renewed the interest of pathologists in diseases of infectious origin. This interest is even stronger in the gastrointestinal tract where symptoms are aspecific, often frustrating with a normal endoscopic appearance sometimes leading to diagnostic erraticity. In this context, systematic biopsies performed by the clinician are sometimes the only way to reach a diagnosis.

[Lymphocytic "…itis", from esophagus to large bowel].

Intra-epithelial lymphocytosis is an elementary lesion frequently observed in the gastrointestinal tract, which can be found from the esophagus to the colon. Many conditions of a varied nature (dysimmunitary diseases, drugs, infections…) are associated with intra-epithelial lymphocytosis, and the etiological diagnosis most often requires an anatomo-clinical correlation. The pathologist will have to identify histological lesions associated with intra-epithelial lymphocytosis allowing the diagnosis to be oriented in order to propose appropriate treatment.

A new - gene fusion in a lung adenocarcinoma patient.

https://bit.ly/3nYmGQ9.