miR-31, miR-155, and miR-221 Expression Profiles and Their Association With Graft Skin Tolerance in a Syngeneic vs Allogeneic Murine Skin Transplantation Model.

Grafting is the preferred treatment for severe skin burns. Frequently, allogeneic tissue is the only transient option for wound coverage, but their use risks damage to surrounding tissues. MicroRNAs have been associated with acute rejection of different tissues/organs.

The complexity of TGFβ/activin signaling in regeneration.

The role of transforming growth factor β TGFβ/activin signaling in wound repair and regeneration is highly conserved in the animal kingdom. Various studies have shown that TGF-β/activin signaling can either promote or inhibit different aspects of the regeneration process (i.e.

Integrative analysis of transcriptional profile reveals LINC00052 as a suppressor of breast cancer cell migration.

Background: Long-non-coding RNAs, a class of transcripts with lengths > 200 nt, play key roles in tumour progression. Previous reports revealed that LINC00052 (long intergenic non-coding RNA 00052) was strongly downregulated during breast cancer multicellular spheroids formation and suggested a role in cell migration and oxidative metabolism.

Objective: To examine the function of LINC00052 in MCF-7 breast cancer cells.

Tailoring of the rheological properties of bioinks to improve bioprinting and bioassembly for tissue replacement.

Background: Tissue replacement is among the most important challenges in biotechnology worldwide.

Scope Of Review: We aim to highlight the importance of the intricate feedback between rheological properties and materials science and cell biological parameters in order to obtain an efficient bioink design, supported by various practical examples.

Major Conclusions: Viscoelastic properties of bioink formulas, rheological properties, injection speed and printing nozzle diameter must be considered in bioink design.

lncMat2B regulated by severe hypoxia induces cisplatin resistance by increasing DNA damage repair and tumor-initiating population in breast cancer cells.

Multicellular tumor spheroids (MCTSs) constitute a three-dimensional culture system that recapitulates the in vivo tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells cultured as MCTSs present antineoplastic resistance due to the effect of microenvironmental signals acting upon them. In this work, we evaluated the biological function of a new microenvironment-regulated long non-coding RNA, lncMat2B, in breast cancer.

Microenvironment-regulated lncRNA-HAL is able to promote stemness in breast cancer cells.

Multicellular Tumor Spheroids culture (MCTS) is an in vitro model mimicking the characteristics of the tumor microenvironment, such as hypoxia and acidosis, resulting in the presence of both proliferating and quiescent cell populations. lncRNA's is a novel group of regulatory molecules that participates in the acquisition of tumorigenic phenotypes. In the present work we evaluated the oncogenic association of an uncharacterized lncRNA (lncRNA-HAL) in the tumorigenic phenotype induced by the MCTS microenvironment.

New emerging roles of microRNAs in breast cancer.

Background: MicroRNAs constitute a large family of non-coding RNAs, which actively participate in tumorigenesis by regulating a set of mRNAs of distinct signaling pathways. An altered expression of these molecules has been found in different tumorigenic processes of breast cancer, the most common type of cancer in the female population worldwide.

Purpose: The objective of this review is to discuss how miRNAs become master regulators in breast tumorigenesis.

NF-κB Participates in the Stem Cell Phenotype of Ovarian Cancer Cells.

Background: NF-κB is a transcription factor involved in cancer stem cells maintenance of many tumors. Little is known about the specific stem-associated upstream regulators of this pathway in ovarian cancer. The Aim of the study was to analyze the role of the canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways in stem cells of ovarian cancer cell lines.

miRNA expression profile in multicellular breast cancer spheroids.

Multicellular Tumor Spheroids develop a heterogeneous micromilieu and different cell populations, thereby constituting a cancer model with intermediate characteristics between in vitro bi-dimensional cultures and in vivo tumors. Multicellular Tumor Spheroids also acquire tumor aggressiveness features due to transcription modulation of coding and non-coding RNA. Utilizing microarray analyses, we evaluated the microRNAs expression profile in MCF-7 breast cancer cells cultured as Multicellular Tumor Spheroids.

Role of quorum sensing in bacterial infections.

Quorum sensing (QS) is cell communication that is widely used by bacterial pathogens to coordinate the expression of several collective traits, including the production of multiple virulence factors, biofilm formation, and swarming motility once a population threshold is reached. Several lines of evidence indicate that QS enhances virulence of bacterial pathogens in animal models as well as in human infections; however, its relative importance for bacterial pathogenesis is still incomplete. In this review, we discuss the present evidence from in vitro and in vivo experiments in animal models, as well as from clinical studies, that link QS systems with human infections.

Drug repurposing as an alternative for the treatment of recalcitrant bacterial infections.

Bacterial infection remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and the options for treating such infections are decreasing, due the rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The pharmaceutical industry has produced few new types of antibiotics in more than a decade. Researchers are taking several approaches toward developing new classes of antibiotics, including (1) focusing on new targets and processes, such as bacterial cell-cell communication that upregulates virulence; (2) designing inhibitors of bacterial resistance, such as blockers of multidrug efflux pumps; and (3) using alternative antimicrobials such as bacteriophages.

Anti-mitochondrial therapy in human breast cancer multi-cellular spheroids.

During multi-cellular tumor spheroid growth, oxygen and nutrient gradients develop inducing specific genetic and metabolic changes in the proliferative and quiescent cellular layers. An integral analysis of proteomics, metabolomics, kinetomics and fluxomics revealed that both proliferative- (PRL) and quiescent-enriched (QS) cellular layers of mature breast tumor MCF-7 multi-cellular spheroids maintained similar glycolytic rates (3-5 nmol/min/10(6) cells), correlating with similar GLUT1, GLUT3, PFK-1, and HKII contents, and HK and LDH activities. Enhanced glycolytic fluxes in both cell layer fractions also correlated with higher HIF-1α content, compared to MCF-7 monolayer cultures.

Oxidative phosphorylation as a target to arrest malignant neoplasias.

Since Warburg proposed in 1956 that cancer cells exhibit increased glycolysis due to mitochondrial damage, numerous researchers have assumed that glycolysis is the predominant ATP supplier for cancer cell energy-dependent processes. However, chemotherapeutic strategies using glycolytic inhibitors have been unsuccessful in arresting tumor proliferation indicating that the Warburg hypothesis may not be applicable to all existing neoplasias. This review analyzes recent information on mitochondrial metabolism in several malignant neoplasias emphasizing that, although tumor cells maintain a high glycolytic rate, the principal ATP production may derive from active oxidative phosphorylation.