Reduced mitophagy is an early feature of NAFLD and liver-specific PARKIN knockout hastens the onset of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of pathologies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Changes in mitochondrial function are implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, particularly in the transition from steatosis to NASH. Mitophagy is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism that allows for the selective removal of damaged mitochondria from the cell via the autophagy pathway.

Reduced hepatocyte mitophagy is an early feature of NAFLD pathogenesis and hastens the onset of steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) encompasses a spectrum of pathologies that includes steatosis, steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis and is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Changes in mitochondrial function are implicated in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, particularly in the transition from steatosis to NASH. Mitophagy is a mitochondrial quality control mechanism that allows for the selective removal of damaged mitochondria from the cell via the autophagy pathway.

GCN5L1 impairs diastolic function in mice exposed to a high fat diet by restricting cardiac pyruvate oxidation.

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is a structural and functional condition that precedes the development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). The etiology of diastolic dysfunction includes alterations in fuel substrate metabolism that negatively impact cardiac bioenergetics, and may precipitate the eventual transition to heart failure. To date, the molecular mechanisms that regulate early changes in fuel metabolism leading to diastolic dysfunction remain unclear.

The Councils on Chiropractic Education International Mapping Project: Comparison of Member Organizations' Educational Standards to the Councils on Chiropractic Education International Framework Document.

Objective: The purpose of this project was to investigate how well each member agency's standards complied with the Councils on Chiropractic Education International (CCEI) framework standards.

Methods: Each of the CCEI member agencies were provided with a mapping template that was approved by all representatives. A representative from each agency independently mapped their agency's standards to the CCEI framework standards using the template document.

Testing the feasibility of a sustainable preschool obesity prevention approach: a mixed-methods service evaluation of a volunteer-led HENRY programme.

Background: Over the last 10 years HENRY has been working to reduce and prevent child obesity by training health and early years professionals to deliver its evidence-based programme to parents. The aim and unique contribution of this study was to evaluate whether training volunteers to deliver this programme on a one-to-one basis was feasible.

Methods: Mixed-methods service evaluation with parent-reported pre- and post-programme outcomes and focus groups conducted with parents and volunteer facilitators.

Sustained mitochondrial biogenesis is essential to maintain caloric restriction-induced beige adipocytes.

Background: Caloric restriction (CR) delays the onset of metabolic and age-related disorders. Recent studies have demonstrated that formation of beige adipocytes induced by CR is strongly associated with extracellular remodeling in adipose tissue, decrease in adipose tissue inflammation, and improved systemic metabolic homeostasis. However, beige adipocytes rapidly transition to white upon CR withdrawal through unclear mechanisms.

Typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung: a clinicopathological correlation of 783 cases with emphasis on histological features.

We present 783 surgical resections of typical and atypical carcinoid tumors of the lung identified in the pathology files of 20 different pathology departments. All cases were critically reviewed for clinical and pathological features and further correlated with clinical outcomes. Long-term follow-up was obtained in all the patients and statistically analyzed to determine significance of the different parameters evaluated.

The relationship between inflammatory dietary pattern in childhood and depression in early adulthood.

Background: Inflammation may be a hidden process in the relationship between dietary intake and depression, but no study has evaluated the role of diet and inflammation jointly in explaining depression risk in early life. The current study aims to investigate the relationship between inflammatory dietary pattern (IDP) in childhood and depression in early adulthood.

Methods: This study used data prospectively collected over 10 years from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) cohort (n ​= ​6939) free from depression at baseline (age 8.

Hepatic insulin sensitivity is improved in high-fat diet-fed Park2 knockout mice in association with increased hepatic AMPK activation and reduced steatosis.

Park2 is an E3 ubiquitin ligase known for its role in mitochondrial quality control via the mitophagy pathway. Park2 KO mice are protected from diet-induced obesity and hepatic insulin sensitivity is improved in high-fat diet (HFD)-fed Park2 KO mice even under body weight-matched conditions. In order to better understand the cellular mechanism by which Park2 KO mice are protected from diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance, we determined changes in multiple pathways commonly associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance, namely levels of bioactive lipid species, activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and changes in cytokine levels and signaling.

Defective HNF4alpha-dependent gene expression as a driver of hepatocellular failure in alcoholic hepatitis.

Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by profound hepatocellular dysfunction for which targeted treatments are urgently needed. Identification of molecular drivers is hampered by the lack of suitable animal models. By performing RNA sequencing in livers from patients with different phenotypes of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD), we show that development of AH is characterized by defective activity of liver-enriched transcription factors (LETFs).

Utilizing Quality Improvement Methods to Examine the Radiation Therapy Pathway for Patients Requiring Palliative Radiation Therapy at a Community Cancer Center.

Background: At a community cancer center, during weekly quality improvement huddles, the radiation therapy team expressed stress and frustration with the pretreatment pathway for patients requiring palliative radiotherapy. As the department was meeting provincial targets with respect to wait times, it was unknown why the consensus around the department reflected discomfort and stress.

Methods: Four radiation therapists formed a quality improvement project team, intent on utilizing a data-driven improvement cycle to investigate and address opportunities to improve the discomfort around this pretreatment pathway.

Adropin reduces blood glucose levels in mice by limiting hepatic glucose production.

Adropin is a liver- and brain-secreted peptide hormone with striking effects on fuel metabolism regulation in a number of tissues. Previous studies demonstrated that adropin secretion is decreased in obese mice subjected to a long-term high-fat diet (HFD), and that whole-body loss of adropin expression resulted in systemic insulin resistance. Treatment of obese mice with adropin improves glucose tolerance, which has been linked to increased glucose oxidation and inhibition of fatty acid utilization in isolated skeletal muscle homogenates.

Shear stress and oxygen availability drive differential changes in opossum kidney proximal tubule cell metabolism and endocytosis.

Kidney proximal tubule (PT) cells have high-metabolic demands to drive the extraordinary ion and solute transport, water reabsorption, and endocytic uptake that occur in this nephron segment. Increases in renal blood flow alter glomerular filtration rate and lead to rapid mechanosensitive adaptations in PT transport, impacting metabolic demand. Although the PT reabsorbs essentially all of the filtered glucose, PT cells rely primarily on oxidative metabolism rather than glycolysis to meet their energy demands.

Effectiveness of Peer Counselor Support on Breastfeeding Outcomes in WIC-Enrolled Women.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of different quantities and types of breastfeeding (BF) peer counselor (BFPC) support on BF outcomes in women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Design: Secondary data analysis using BFPC data from an upstate New York county WIC (April 1, 2009 to March 30, 2011) merged with New York State Department of Health WIC surveillance data.

Participants: A total of 2,149 WIC-enrolled mothers with live singleton births who accepted a BFPC referral and received different quantities and types of BFPC support (telephone, in person, and mailings).

Adropin treatment restores cardiac glucose oxidation in pre-diabetic obese mice.

Exposure to a high fat (HF) diet promotes increased fatty acid uptake, fatty acid oxidation and lipid accumulation in the heart. These maladaptive changes impact cellular energy metabolism and may promote the development of cardiac dysfunction. Attempts to increase cardiac glucose utilization have been proposed as a way to reverse cardiomyopathy in obese and diabetic individuals.

New indicators and indexes for benchmarking university-industry-government innovation in medical and life science clusters: results from the European FP7 Regions of Knowledge HealthTIES project.

Background: While the European Union is striving to become the 'Innovation Union', there remains a lack of quantifiable indicators to compare and benchmark regional innovation clusters. To address this issue, a HealthTIES (Healthcare, Technology and Innovation for Economic Success) consortium was funded by the European Union's Regions of Knowledge initiative, research and innovation funding programme FP7. HealthTIES examined whether the health technology innovation cycle was functioning differently in five European regional innovation clusters and proposed regional and joint actions to improve their performance.

A Metabolic Basis for Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition.

Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) is a cellular process often initiated by the transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) family of ligands. Although required for normal heart valve development, deregulated EndoMT is linked to a wide range of pathological conditions. Here, we demonstrate that endothelial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is a critical in vitro and in vivo regulator of EndoMT.

Adipocyte JAK2 Regulates Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity Independently of Body Composition, Liver Lipid Content, and Hepatic Insulin Signaling.

Disruption of hepatocyte growth hormone (GH) signaling through disruption of (JAK2L) leads to fatty liver. Previously, we demonstrated that development of fatty liver depends on adipocyte GH signaling. We sought to determine the individual roles of hepatocyte and adipocyte on whole-body and tissue insulin sensitivity and liver metabolism.

Implementing a WIC-Based Intervention to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding: Challenges, Facilitators, and Adaptive Strategies.

Objective: Understand factors that contributed to the implementation of a successful multicomponent intervention to promote exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) within Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Woman, Infants, and Children (WIC) clinics.

Design: Qualitative study of staff implementers' experiences using implementation status reports, facilitated group discussion immediately after implementation, and WIC administrative data.

Setting: WIC staff from 12 clinics participated in an EBF Learning Community composed of 8 intervention trainings and ongoing support from trainers and peers.

Outcome Evaluation of the You Can Do It Initiative to Promote Exclusive Breastfeeding Among Women Enrolled in the New York State WIC Program by Race/Ethnicity.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of You Can Do It at improving exclusive breastfeeding (BF) among New York State women enrolled in Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC).

Design: Quasi-experimental study, September, 2013 through February, 2016.

Setting: Multicomponent intervention paired with a yearlong learning community in 12 clinics.

Trends in Breastfeeding Among Infants Enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children - New York, 2002-2015.

Breastfeeding is widely accepted as the optimal method of infant feeding (1,2). New York Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) has prioritized the promotion of breastfeeding. To assess breastfeeding trends among New York WIC infants, indicators for measuring breastfeeding practices reported by the New York Pediatric Nutrition Surveillance System (PedNSS) during 2002-2015 were examined.