A Compass for North Carolina Health Care Workers Navigating the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence.

This article underscores the economic benefits of AI, the importance of collaborative innovation, and the need for workforce development to prepare health care professionals for an AI-enhanced future. We include guidance for strategic and ethical AI adoption while advocating for a unified approach to leveraging technology to improve patient outcomes.

Outcomes from an Early Adopters Home Hospital Accelerator for Acute Care at Home.

Background: Following the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services' approval of the Acute Hospital Care at Home waiver, an increasing number of health care organizations launched Home Hospital (HH) programs in the USA. Ongoing barriers include access to HH expertise and a standard, comprehensive set of implementation tools. We created the HH Early Adopters Accelerator to bring together a network of health care organizations to develop tools ("knowledge products") necessary for HH implementation.

Implementation of Agile in healthcare: methodology for a multisite home hospital accelerator.

Background: The diffusion of innovation in healthcare is sluggish. Evidence-based care models and interventions take years to reach patients. We believe the healthcare community could deliver innovation to the bedside faster if it followed other sectors by employing an organisational framework for efficiently accomplishing work.

Barriers and facilitators to physical activity and further digital exercise intervention among inactive British adolescents in secondary schools: a qualitative study with physical education teachers.

Background: Previous studies indicated that physical education programs in schools were unsuccessful to ameliorate physical activity (PA) behaviors among adolescents. This study investigated PE teachers' perceptions of barriers and facilitators to PA and further digital exercise interventions among inactive British adolescents in secondary schools based on the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior (COM-B) model, the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), and Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF).

Method: A qualitative study was conducted among 156 PE teachers in England.

Similar somatotopy for active and passive digit representation in primary somatosensory cortex.

Scientists traditionally use passive stimulation to examine the organisation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI). However, given the close, bidirectional relationship between the somatosensory and motor systems, active paradigms involving free movement may uncover alternative SI representational motifs. Here, we used 7 Tesla functional magnetic resonance imaging to compare hallmark features of SI digit representation between active and passive tasks which were unmatched on task or stimulus properties.

Piloting the use of football club community Trust's to create social Hubs for older adults.

Objectives: The research summarises the findings from a three-year pilot delivered through the EFL Trust and eleven Club Community Organisations. The aim was to create local social Hubs for older adults, to bring together local people to increase social connections, which may lead to additional physical activity, rather than a targeted physical activity intervention.

Study Design: The study was a three-year evaluation of the pilot, to track changes in attitudes and behaviours of participants, and gather feedback on the delivery mechanism and the service providers.

Expansion and contraction of resource allocation in sensory bottlenecks.

Topographic sensory representations often do not scale proportionally to the size of their input regions, with some expanded and others contracted. In vision, the foveal representation is magnified cortically, as are the fingertips in touch. What principles drive this allocation, and how should receptor density, for example, the high innervation of the fovea or the fingertips, and stimulus statistics, for example, the higher contact frequencies on the fingertips, contribute? Building on work in efficient coding, we address this problem using linear models that optimally decorrelate the sensory signals.

Getting a grasp on BMIs: Decoding prehension and speech signals.

Wandelt et al. (2022) show that different grasps can be decoded from neural activity in the human supramarginal gyrus (SMG), ventral premotor cortex, and somatosensory cortex during motor imagery and speech, highlighting the attractiveness of higher-level areas such as the SMG for brain-machine interface applications.

Malleability of the cortical hand map following a finger nerve block.

Electrophysiological studies in monkeys show that finger amputation triggers local remapping within the deprived primary somatosensory cortex (S1). Human neuroimaging research, however, shows persistent S1 representation of the missing hand's fingers, even decades after amputation. Here, we explore whether this apparent contradiction stems from underestimating the distributed peripheral and central representation of fingers in the hand map.

Using a Collective Impact Model in Communities to Improve the Physical Environment.

The physical environment-the places where individuals live, work, and play-can cause or prevent serious health conditions including chronic diseases and obesity. In North Carolina, the Collective Impact Model serves as the foundation on which multisector community coalitions can address environmental and policy barriers for improved health.

An Evaluation of the Use of Corticosteroids for the Management of Immune-Mediated Adverse Events in Cancer Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have gained prominence for the treatment of a variety of malignancies. However, they are associated with the development of immune-mediated adverse events (IMAEs). Appropriate management of IMAEs and subsequent rechallenging of patients with ICI therapy remains an important area of research.

Incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients on H1-receptor antagonists receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy.

Objective: This study determined the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy while on H1-receptor antagonists (H1RAs). Prophylaxis for patients receiving oxaliplatin is not currently recommended. H1RAs are used for the treatment of reactions; however, prophylactic H1RAs have not been well-studied.

Effectiveness of the iPhone GoCheck Kids smartphone vision screener in detecting amblyopia risk factors.

Background: The recently released GoCheck Kids iPhone photoscreening app is designed to detect amblyopia risk factors (ARFs) in young children and includes remote review of images captured by smartphone. We aimed to evaluate the system's accuracy in detecting AAPOS guidelines ARFs.

Methods: Patients 6 months through 6 years of age at Medical University of South Carolina were recruited for this prospective study.

World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist Modification: Do Changes Emphasize Communication and Teamwork?

Background: The World Health Organization's (WHO) surgical safety checklist is meant to be customized to facilitate local implementation, encourage full-team participation, and promote a culture of safety. Although it has been globally adopted, little is known about the extent of checklist modification and the type of changes made.

Methods: Nonsubspecialty surgical checklists were obtained through online search and targeted hospital requests.

Scaling Safety: The South Carolina Surgical Safety Checklist Experience.

Proven patient safety solutions such as the World Health Organization's Surgical Safety Checklist are challenging to implement at scale. A voluntary initiative was launched in South Carolina hospitals in 2010 to encourage use of the checklist in all operating rooms. Hospitals that reported completing implementation of the checklist in their operating rooms by 2017 had significantly higher levels of CEO and physician participation and engaged more in higher-touch activities such as in-person meetings and teamwork skills trainings than comparison hospitals did.

Effectiveness of the GoCheck Kids Vision Screener in Detecting Amblyopia Risk Factors.

Purpose: The GoCheck Kids smartphone photoscreening app (Gobiquity Mobile Health, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA), introduced in 2014, is marketed to pediatricians with little published validation. We wished to evaluate the GoCheck Kids Screener for accuracy in detecting amblyopia risk factors (ARF) using 2013 American Association for Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus guidelines.

Design: Validity assessment.

Mortality Trends After a Voluntary Checklist-based Surgical Safety Collaborative.

Objective: To determine whether completion of a voluntary, checklist-based surgical quality improvement program is associated with reduced 30-day postoperative mortality.

Background: Despite evidence of efficacy of team-based surgical safety checklists in improving perioperative outcomes in research trials, effective methods of population-based implementation have been lacking. The Safe Surgery 2015 South Carolina program was designed to foster state-wide engagement of hospitals in a voluntary, collaborative implementation of a checklist program.

Family History Collection Practices: National Survey of Pediatric Primary Care Providers.

While family history (FH) collection is a core responsibility of pediatric primary care providers (PCPs), few details about this practice are known. We surveyed a random national sample of 1200 pediatricians and family medicine physicians about FH collection practices. A total of 86% of respondents (n = 289 pediatricians; n = 152 family medicine physicians) indicated that they collect a FH "always" or "most of the time" with 77% reporting collection at the first visit, regardless of whether it is a health maintenance or problem-focused visit.

Perception of Safety of Surgical Practice Among Operating Room Personnel From Survey Data Is Associated With All-cause 30-day Postoperative Death Rate in South Carolina.

Objective: To evaluate whether the perception of safety of surgical practice among operating room (OR) personnel is associated with hospital-level 30-day postoperative death.

Background: The relationship between improvements in the safety of surgical practice and benefits to postoperative outcomes has not been demonstrated empirically.

Methods: As part of the Safe Surgery 2015: South Carolina initiative, a baseline survey measuring the perception of safety of surgical practice among OR personnel was completed.

Nivolumab-induced vitiligo in a metastatic melanoma patient: A case report.

The programmed-death-1 inhibitors selectively block programmed-death-1 interaction with its receptor, which restores active T-cell response directed at tumor cells, inducing an anti-tumor effect. This nonspecific activation of the immune system can also lead to a wide spectrum of side effects. Nivolumab has been used effectively to prolong survival in patients with metastatic melanoma and is recommended as a category 1 agent for systemic therapy in metastatic or unresectable melanoma per the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines.

Relationship Between Operating Room Teamwork, Contextual Factors, and Safety Checklist Performance.

Background: Studies show that using surgical safety checklists (SSCs) reduces complications. Many believe SSCs accomplish this by enhancing teamwork, but evidence is limited. Our study sought to relate teamwork to checklist performance, understand how they relate, and determine conditions that affect this relationship.

Implementation of the Surgical Safety Checklist in South Carolina Hospitals Is Associated with Improvement in Perceived Perioperative Safety.

Background: Previous research suggests that surgical safety checklists (SSCs) are associated with reductions in postoperative morbidity and mortality as well as improvement in teamwork and communication. These findings stem from evaluations of individual or small groups of hospitals. Studies with more hospitals have assessed the relationship of checklists with teamwork at a single point in time.

Primary Care Providers' Initial Evaluation of Children with Global Developmental Delay: A Clinical Vignette Study.

Objective: To examine the decisions of pediatric primary care physicians about their diagnostic evaluation for a child with suspected global developmental delay (GDD).

Study Design: A survey was mailed to a sample of pediatricians (n = 600) and family physicians (n = 600) randomly selected from the American Medical Association Physician Masterfile. The survey contained a clinical vignette describing a 9-month-old nondysmorphic boy with GDD.

Surgical team member assessment of the safety of surgery practice in 38 South Carolina hospitals.

We assessed surgical team member perceptions of multiple dimensions of safe surgical practice in 38 South Carolina hospitals participating in a statewide initiative to implement surgical safety checklists. Primary data were collected using a novel 35-item survey. We calculated the percentage of 1,852 respondents with strongly positive, positive, and neutral/negative responses about the safety of surgical practice, compared results by hospital and professional discipline, and examined how readiness, teamwork, and adherence related to staff perception of care quality.