Evaluating Natural History and Follow Up Strategies for Non-obstructive Urolithiasis in Pediatric Population.

While small non-obstructive stones in the adult population are usually observed with minimal follow-up, the same guidelines for management in the pediatric population have not been well-studied. We evaluate the clinical outcomes of small non-obstructing kidney stones in the pediatric population to better define the natural history of the disease. In this IRB-approved retrospective study, patients with a diagnosis of kidney stones from January 2011 to March 2017 were identified using ICD9 and ICD10 codes.

Corrigendum: Vesicoamniotic Shunting Improves Outcomes in a Subset of Prune Belly Syndrome Patients at a Single Tertiary Center.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fped.2018.

Evaluating Outcomes of Differential Surgical Management of Nonfunctioning Upper Pole Renal Moieties in Duplex Collecting Systems.

Objective: To evaluate the management and clinical outcomes of nonfunctioning upper pole moieties treated with either upper pole heminephrectomy or upper pole preservation with lower ureteral reconstruction at a single tertiary institution.

Methods: After Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval, patients with duplicated systems undergoing upper pole heminephrectomy, ureteroureterostomy, or common sheath ureteral reimplantation from 2012-2017 were identified. Only patients with a nonfunctioning upper pole moiety on ultrasound or renal scan were included.

Vesicoamniotic Shunting Improves Outcomes in a Subset of Prune Belly Syndrome Patients at a Single Tertiary Center.

Review outcomes of Prune Belly Syndrome (PBS) with the hypothesis that contemporary management improves mortality. A retrospective chart review of inpatient and outpatient PBS patients referred between 2000 and 2018 was conducted to assess outcomes at our institution. Data collected included age at diagnosis, concomitant medical conditions, imaging, operative management, length of follow-up, and renal function.

Urologic Outcomes of Children With Hemorrhagic Cystitis After Bone Marrow Transplant at a Single Institution.

Objective: To analyze clinical outcomes and the risk factors associated with genitourinary (GU) morbidity and mortality in children who present with hemorrhagic cystitis (HC) after bone marrow transplant (BMT).

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients with HC who had undergone BMT at a single pediatric hospital from 2008 to 2015 was conducted. Demographic data, severity of hematuria, HC management, and mortality were analyzed.

Whole-exome sequencing in the molecular diagnosis of individuals with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract and identification of a new causative gene.

Purpose: To investigate the utility of whole-exome sequencing (WES) to define a molecular diagnosis for patients clinically diagnosed with congenital anomalies of kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT).

Methods: WES was performed in 62 families with CAKUT. WES data were analyzed for single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) in 35 known CAKUT genes, putatively deleterious sequence changes in new candidate genes, and potentially disease-associated copy-number variants (CNVs).

Standardized process to improve patient flow from the Emergency Room to the Operating Room for pediatric patients with testicular torsion.

Background: Testicular torsion (TT) remains one of the most common urological emergencies. The length of time from onset of symptoms to detorsion and degree of spermatic cord twisting are usually the most important factors for testicular damage. Therefore early presentation, accurate diagnosis, and prompt treatment are important factors for optimizing the testicular salvage rate.

Posterior urethral valves: Risk factors for progression to renal failure.

Introduction: Posterior urethral valves (PUVs) are the most common etiology for congenital urethral obstruction and congenital bilateral renal obstruction. PUVs produce a spectrum of urologic and renal sequelae. Our aims were to assess outcomes of PUV patients, to determine whether vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) is a risk factor for progression to renal failure, and to identify other risk factors for poor outcomes.

Outcomes of endoscopic incision for the treatment of ureterocele in children at a single institution.

Purpose: We assessed outcomes in children with ureterocele after transurethral incision at our institution between 2001 and 2014, focusing on end points of vesicoureteral reflux, improvement of hydronephrosis and need for second surgery.

Materials And Methods: We performed chart reviews of 83 patients, collecting information including age at transurethral incision, gender, renal anatomy, ureterocele location, indication for transurethral incision, and preincision and postincision vesicoureteral reflux and hydronephrosis status. Patients were divided into those with single system and duplex system ureteroceles, and intravesical and extravesical location for analysis.

The impact of surgical approach and urinary diversion on patient outcomes in pediatric pyeloplasty.

Purpose: Recent comparisons of the impact of the surgical approach on pediatric pyeloplasty outcomes have generally incorporated a form of internal ureteral drainage. We hypothesized that the surgical approach does not affect outcomes in children who undergo unstented pyeloplasty and stenting offers no long-term benefit in those with pediatric pyeloplasty.

Materials And Methods: After receiving institutional review board approval we examined the records of all children who underwent initial pyeloplasty from December 2001 to December 2009.

Ex-premature infant boys with hypospadias are similar in size to age-matched, ex-premature infant boys without hypospadias.

Objective: Studies have postulated that hypospadias, prematurity, and low birth weight are linked by defects in androgen signaling. To determine whether premature, hypospadiac boys are small and remain so, we compared their size at birth and at hypospadias repair to premature boys who underwent post-neonatal circumcision.

Methods: We identified premature boys admitted to Texas Children's Hospital who underwent either hypospadias repair or circumcision after 4 months of age.

Factors associated with delayed treatment of acute testicular torsion-do demographics or interhospital transfer matter?

Purpose: Testicular torsion is a true urological emergency. We determined whether a delay in treatment due to hospital transfer or socioeconomic factors would impact the orchiectomy rate in children with this condition.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively evaluated the records of boys seen at a single institution emergency department who proceeded to surgery for a diagnosis of acute testicular torsion from 2003 to 2008.

Cross-sectional evaluation of parental decision making factors for vesicoureteral reflux management in children.

Purpose: Parental decision making in children with vesicoureteral reflux has potentially become more complex with the evolution of ethnic diversity in the United States, the Internet, the publication of contradictory clinical data and the emergence of minimally invasive surgery. We performed a cross-sectional study of parental management for pediatric vesicoureteral reflux.

Materials And Methods: We administered a 26-item questionnaire to parents of children with vesicoureteral reflux seen at Texas Children's Hospital urology offices or undergoing antireflux surgery at that institution.

Surgical antibiotic practices among pediatric urologists in the United States.

Purpose: We hypothesized that there are practice variations in the use of surgical antibiotics by pediatric urologists in the United States.

Materials And Methods: A 31-question online survey was distributed to members of the Society of Pediatric Urology. The questionnaire examined physician preferences for surgical antibiotic use, including indications, antibiotic selection, timing of administration, and duration.

Stenosing ureteritis in a 7-year-old boy with Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis: A case report and review of the literature.

Introduction: Urinary tract obstruction resulting from Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is an extremely rare urologic entity. If the genitourinary system is involved, it is primarily in the form of a focal proliferative glomerulonephritis. Stenosing disease has received little attention in the literature and treatment options are limited.

Use of a mechanical thrombectomy catheter for percutaneous extraction of renal fungal bezoars in a premature infant.

Fungal urinary tract infections are commonly encountered in the hospitalized neonate. Although these infections most commonly take the form of cystitis, the infection may be complicated by the formation of fungal bezoars, with subsequent urinary tract obstruction. In certain cases, endosurgical debulking or extraction of the fungal bezoar may be necessary.