DetSegDiff: A joint periodontal landmark detection and segmentation in intraoral ultrasound using edge-enhanced diffusion-based network.

Individuals with malocclusion require an orthodontic diagnosis and treatment plan based on the severity of their condition. Assessing and monitoring changes in periodontal structures before, during, and after orthodontic procedures is crucial, and intraoral ultrasound (US) imaging has been shown a promising diagnostic tool in imaging periodontium. However, accurately delineating and analyzing periodontal structures in US videos is a challenging task for clinicians, as it is time-consuming and subject to interpretation errors.

Intraoral Ultrasound Imaging Using a Rotational Transducer with Periodontal Feature Identification by Machine Learning.

Innovative intraoral ultrasound devices with smart artificial intelligence-based identification for dento-anatomy could provide crucial information for oral health diagnosis and treatment and shed light on real-time detection of developmental dentistry. However, the grand challenge is that the current ultrasound technologies are meant for external use due to their bulkiness and low frequency. We report a compact versatile ultrasound intraoral device that consists of a rotational probe head robustly pivoted around a hand-held and portable handle for real-time imaging of intraoral anatomy using high-frequency ultrasonography (up to 25 MHz).

Neural implicit surface reconstruction of freehand 3D ultrasound volume with geometric constraints.

Three-dimensional (3D) freehand ultrasound (US) is a widely used imaging modality that allows non-invasive imaging of medical anatomy without radiation exposure. Surface reconstruction of US volume is vital to acquire the accurate anatomical structures needed for modeling, registration, and visualization. However, traditional methods cannot produce a high-quality surface due to image noise.

Measuring the alveolar bone level in adolescents: A comparison between ultrasound and cone beam computed tomography.

Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is an imaging modality, which is used routinely in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning but delivers much higher radiation than conventional dental radiographs. Ultrasound is a noninvasive imaging method that creates an image without ionizing radiation.

Aim: To investigate the reliability of ultrasound and the agreement between ultrasound and CBCT in measuring the alveolar bone level (ABL) on the buccal/labial side of the incisors in adolescent orthodontic patients.

Ultrasound Imaging of the Periodontium Complex: A Reliability Study.

Background: Ultrasonography is a noninvasive, low-cost diagnostic tool widely used in medicine. Recent studies have demonstrated that ultrasound imaging might have the potential to be used intraorally to assess periodontal biomarkers.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability of interlandmark distance measurements on intraoral ultrasound images of the periodontal tissues.

Estimating Crestal Thickness of Alveolar Bones on Intra-oral Ultrasonograms.

Objective: Alveolar crestal bone thickness and level provide important diagnostic and prognostic information for orthodontic treatment, periodontal disease management and dental implants. Ionizing radiation-free ultrasound has emerged as a promising clinical tool in imaging oral tissues. However, the ultrasound image is distorted when the wave speed of the tissue of interest is different from the mapping speed of the scanner and, therefore, the subsequent dimension measurements are not accurate.

Localization of cementoenamel junction in intraoral ultrasonographs with machine learning.

Objective: Our goal was to automatically identify the cementoenamel junction (CEJ) location in ultrasound images using deep convolution neural networks (CNNs).

Methods: Three CNNs were evaluated using 1400 images and data augmentation. The training and validation were performed by an experienced nonclinical rater with 1000 and 200 images, respectively.

Fully Automated Segmentation of Alveolar Bone Using Deep Convolutional Neural Networks from Intraoral Ultrasound Images.

Delineation of alveolar bone aids the diagnosis and treatment of periodontal diseases. In current practice, conventional 2D radiography and 3D cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging are used as the non-invasive approaches to image and delineate alveolar bone structures. Recently, high-frequency ultrasound imaging is proposed as an alternative to conventional imaging methods to prevent the harmful effects of ionizing radiation.

Intra- and inter-rater reliability of spinal flexibility measurements using ultrasonic (US) images for non-surgical candidates with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a pilot study.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-rater reliabilities of spinal flexibility measurements using ultrasound imaging on non-surgical candidates with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Methods: Twenty-eight consecutive consented AIS subjects (25 F; 3 M) were recruited; 24 subjects' data were used for analysis. This study explored curve magnitude differences between standing, prone and voluntary maximum side-bending postures to assess the reliability of spinal flexibility (SF).

Whether Orthotic Management and Exercise are Equally Effective to the Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis in Mainland China?: A Randomized Controlled Trial Study.

Study Design: A prospective randomized controlled trial.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of orthotic management versus exercise on spinal curvature, body symmetry, and quality of life.

Summary Of Background Data: A number of well-designed studies comparing conservative treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) have been conducted and the evidence becomes stronger.

Validity Study of Vertebral Rotation Measurement Using 3-D Ultrasound in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

This study aimed to assess the validity of 3-D ultrasound measurements on the vertebral rotation of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) under clinical settings. Thirty curves (mean Cobb angle: 21.7° ± 15.

Reliability of the axial vertebral rotation measurements of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis using the center of lamina method on ultrasound images: in vitro and in vivo study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the intra- and inter-observer reliability of the axial vertebral rotation (AVR) measurements of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using the center of lamina (COL) method on ultrasound transverse images.

Methods: Three cadaver vertebrae were scanned with 42 AVR configurations by both ultrasound and radiograph. In this in vitro study, four observers measured the AVR using the COL method on ultrasound transverse images and three observers measured the AVR using the Stokes' method on radiographs.

3D ultrasound imaging method to assess the true spinal deformity.

Spinal deformity is a three-dimensional (3D) spinal disorder with a lateral deviation and coupled with axial vertebral rotation (AVR). The current clinical practice only measures its severity on postero-anterior (PA) radiographs, which may underestimate the deformity. The actual severity should be obtained on the plane of maximal curvature (PMC), which requires a 3D spinal image.

How quantity and quality of brace wear affect the brace treatment outcomes for AIS.

Purpose: To determine the reliability of a prognostic curve progression model and the role of the quantity and quality of brace wear for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) brace treatment.

Methods: To develop a curve progression model for full-time AIS brace treatment, 20 AIS subjects (Group 1) prescribed full-time thoracolumbar sacral orthosis (TLSO) were monitored and followed for 2 years beyond maturity. The developed curve progression model was: curve progression (in degrees) = 33 + 0.

Reliability and Validity Study of Clinical Ultrasound Imaging on Lateral Curvature of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Background: Non-ionizing radiation imaging assessment has been advocated for the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). As one of the radiation-free methods, ultrasound imaging has gained growing attention in scoliosis assessment over the past decade. The center of laminae (COL) method has been proposed to measure the spinal curvature in the coronal plane of ultrasound image.

Predicting success or failure of brace treatment for adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional spinal deformity. Brace treatment is a common non-surgical treatment, intended to prevent progression (worsening) of the condition during adolescence. Estimating a braced patient's risk of progression is an essential part of planning treatment, so method for predicting this risk would be a useful decision support tool for practitioners.

Validation of 3D surface reconstruction of vertebrae and spinal column using 3D ultrasound data--a pilot study.

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a three-dimensional deformity of spine associated with vertebra rotation. The Cobb angle and axial vertebral rotation are important parameters to assess the severity of scoliosis. However, the vertebral rotation is seldom measured from radiographs due to time consuming.

Correlation between Cobb angle, spinous process angle (SPA) and apical vertebrae rotation (AVR) on posteroanterior radiographs in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy and reliability of the Cobb angle, the spinous process angle (SPA), and apical vertebral rotation (AVR) for measuring adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and to evaluate the correlations between these measurements.

Methods: A retrospective study of two sets of standing posteroanterior radiographs of patients with AIS was performed. The first set was 59 consecutive patients with AIS with Cobb angles <45° and the second set was 25 patients with Cobb angles >45°.

Multichannel filtering and reconstruction of ultrasonic guided wave fields using time intercept-slowness transform.

Multichannel ultrasonic axial-transmission data are multimodal by nature. As guided waves are commonly used in nondestructive material testing, wave field filtering becomes important because the analysis is usually limited to a few lower-order modes and requires their extraction. An application of the Radon transform to enhance signal-to-noise ratio and separate wave fields in ultrasonic records is presented.

Intra- and Interobserver Reliability of the Cobb Angle-Vertebral Rotation Angle-Spinous Process Angle for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.

Study Design: A reliability analysis of Cobb angle, vertebral rotation (VR), and spinous process angle (SPA) measurements in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

Objective: To determine the intra- and interobserver reliability of semi-automated digital radiograph measurements.

Summary Of Background Data: Cobb angle measurements on posteroanterior radiographs are commonly used to determine the severity of scoliosis.

Reliability of assessing the coronal curvature of children with scoliosis by using ultrasound images.

Purpose: To investigate the intra- and inter-observer reliability of the coronal curvature asymmetry of children with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) using the center of lamina (COL) method on ultrasound (US) images.

Methods: A cadaver spinal column phantom which was manipulated to present 30 scoliotic curves of varying severity of scoliotic deformities was scanned using both the US and laser scanner (LS) systems. Three observers of varying experience and skill measured the coronal curvature using the Cobb method on the LS images and the COL method on the US images.

Excitation of ultrasonic Lamb waves using a phased array system with two array probes: phantom and in vitro bone studies.

Long bones are good waveguides to support the propagation of ultrasonic guided waves. The low-order guided waves have been consistently observed in quantitative ultrasound bone studies. Selective excitation of these low-order guided modes requires oblique incidence of the ultrasound beam using a transducer-wedge system.

Ultrasound imaging of long bone fractures and healing with the split-step fourier imaging method.

We applied the split-step Fourier imaging method to back-propagate the ultrasound zero-offset wavefields acquired on the bone surface to the sources of scatterers, which are the reflecting interfaces. The method required, as an input, an estimated slowness (reciprocal of half the velocity) model to map the time-dependent sonogram to the depth image, which provides the geometric properties of the interfaces. The slowness was approximated by a depth-dependent term and a first-order spatially varying perturbation.