First comprehensive report on the chemical composition of the floral perfume of (Orchidaceae).

This study presents the first complete analysis of the chemical composition of the flowers of the species and . The compounds were extracted distillation and simultaneous extraction and analysed using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. A total of 82 compounds were identified and the results reveal significant differences in the abundance of compounds between the species.

Unidirectional transitions in nectar gain and loss suggest food deception is a stable evolutionary strategy in Epidendrum (Orchidaceae): insights from anatomical and molecular evidence.

Background: Nectar gain and loss are important flower transitions observed in angiosperms, and are particularly common in orchids. To understand such transitions, the availability of detailed anatomical data and species-level phylogenies are crucial. We investigated the evolution of food deception in Epidendrum, one of the largest orchid genera, using genus phylogeny to map transitions between nectar gain and loss among different clades.