Comparative chromosome painting in three Pelecaniformes species (Aves): Exploring the role of macro and microchromosome fusions in karyotypic evolution.

Pelecaniformes is an order of waterbirds that exhibit diverse and distinct morphologies. Ibis, heron, pelican, hammerkop, and shoebill are included within the order. Despite their fascinating features, the phylogenetic relationships among the families within Pelecaniformes remain uncertain and pose challenges due to their complex evolutionary history.

Copy Number Alterations in Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas: Does Loss of Have a Role in Age-related Different Prognoses?

Background/aim: Thyroid cancer is the only tumor in which age is an important prognostic factor. In papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC), 45 years of age seems to be a key point that divides adult patients into two groups, with different clinical features. The aim of the study was to perform a microarray-based analysis in two groups of patients (<45 and ≥45 years old), in order to verify the occurrence of specific copy number alterations (CNAs) that could be associated to different patient behaviors associated with age.

Genotoxic effect of non-lethal concentrations of minocycline in human glial cell culture.

Minocycline has been proposed as a neuroprotective agent with pleiotropic effects on several experimental models of neurodegenerative diseases, including microglial inhibition. However, although most studies have focused on the central actions of minocycline in affecting microglial functions, other central nervous system (CNS) cell types may also be affected by this drug toxicity. Hence, considering that glial cells play a pivotal role on CNS physiology and are the main responsible for neuronal integrity, a comprehensive investigation on the effects of minocycline treatment on human glial cells is mandatory before translational studies to afford neuroprotection in humans.

Mesenchymal stem cells in dogs with demyelinating leukoencephalitis as an experimental model of multiple sclerosis.

Researchers have used dogs with neurological sequelae caused by distemper as an experimental model for multiple sclerosis, owing to the similarities of the neuropathological changes between distemper virus-induced demyelinating leukoencephalitis and multiple sclerosis in humans. However, little is known about the role of mesenchymal stem cells in treating such clinical conditions. Therefore, we investigated the use of mesenchymal stem cells in four dogs with neurological lesions caused by the distemper virus.

Detection and Correlation of Single and Concomitant , and Alterations in Gliomas.

Gliomas are the most frequent primary tumors of central nervous system and represent a heterogeneous group of tumors that originates from the glial cells. , , and are important tumor suppressor genes that encode proteins involved in sustaining cellular homeostasis by different signaling pathways. Though genetic alterations in these genes play a significant role in tumorigenesis, few studies are available regarding the incidence and relation of concomitant , , and alterations in gliomas.

Karyotypic evolution of ribosomal sites in buffalo subspecies and their crossbreed.

DOMESTIC BUFFALOES ARE DIVIDED INTO TWO GROUP BASED ON CYTOGENETIC CHARACTERISTICS AND HABITATS: the "river buffaloes" with 2n = 50 and the "swamp buffaloes", 2n = 48. Nevertheless, their hybrids are viable, fertile and identified by a 2n = 49. In order to have a better characterization of these different cytotypes of buffaloes, and considering that NOR-bearing chromosomes are involved in the rearrangements responsible for the karyotypic differences, we applied silver staining (Ag-NOR) and performed fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) experiments using 18S rDNA as probe.

Chromosome painting in three species of buteoninae: a cytogenetic signature reinforces the monophyly of South American species.

Buteoninae (Falconiformes, Accipitridae) consist of the widely distributed genus Buteo, and several closely related species in a group called "sub-buteonine hawks", such as Buteogallus, Parabuteo, Asturina, Leucopternis and Busarellus, with unsolved phylogenetic relationships. Diploid number ranges between 2n = 66 and 2n = 68. Only one species, L.

Chromosomal analysis in Cathartidae: distribution of heterochromatic blocks and rDNA, and phylogenetic considerations.

Three species of Cathartidae (Sarcoramphus papa, Cathartes aura and Cathartes burrovianus) were cytogenetically characterized by G- and C-banding. 18S-28S rDNA was used as a probe to map major ribosomal clusters. These species showed very similar karyotypes, with 2n = 80, 10 pairs of macrochromosomes, a submetacentric Z and a metacentric W chromosome.