Urine Molecular Biomarkers for Detection and Follow-Up of Small Renal Masses.

Active surveillance (AS) is the best strategy for small renal masses (SRMs) management; however, reliable methods for early detection and disease aggressiveness prediction are urgently needed. The aim of the present study was to validate DNA methylation biomarkers for non-invasive SRM detection and prognosis. The levels of methylated genes , , , , and were evaluated in 165 serial urine samples prospectively collected from 39 patients diagnosed with SRM, specifically renal cell carcinoma (RCC), before and during the AS via quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.

Non-Coding RNAs in Glioma.

Glioma is the most aggressive brain tumor of the central nervous system. The ability of glioma cells to migrate, rapidly diffuse and invade normal adjacent tissue, their sustained proliferation, and heterogeneity contribute to an overall survival of approximately 15 months for most patients with high grade glioma. Numerous studies indicate that non-coding RNA species have critical functions across biological processes that regulate glioma initiation and progression.

Penile Metastasis from Rectal Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background: Metastasis of rectal cancer to the penis is a very rare condition with less than 40 cases found in the literature.

Case Report: We here report a case of a 41-year-old man who was diagnosed with rectal cancer which later metastasized to the penis. The patient was treated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy, underwent rectal resection, had adjuvant chemotherapy, and, despite that, had penile metastasis 2 years later.

Bacterial ghosts as adjuvants in syngeneic tumour cell lysate-based anticancer vaccination in a murine lung carcinoma model.

Instead of relying on external anticancer factors for treatment, immunotherapy utilizes the host's own immune system and directs it against given tumour antigens. This study demonstrated that it is possible to overcome the documented immunosuppressive properties of tumour cell lysate by supplementing it with appropriate adjuvant. Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC)‑challenged C57BL/6 mice were treated with LLC cryo‑lysate mixed with either bacterial ghosts (BGs) generated from E.

CD8(high)CD57(+) T-cell population as an independent predictor of response to chemoradiation therapy in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer.

Objectives: Tangible clinical benefit is achieved in only a relatively small proportion of extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients receiving current treatment strategies. Therefore, a more personalized use of current and novel treatment approaches is of critical importance. Individualized therapy relies on the identification of specific biomarkers predictive of response to a particular type of cancer treatment.

Cystic lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid carcinoma.

Background: Thyroid cancer, especially papillary carcinoma, metastasizes most often into cervical lymph nodes. Cervical ultrasound and ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy are the most sensitive modalities in detecting locoregional neck recurrence.

Objective: The aim of this study was to illustrate the ultrasound spectrum of lymph node metastases from papillary thyroid carcinoma.

[The frequency of malignant disease in cytological group of suspected cancer (ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy of nonpalpable thyroid nodules)].

Background: Fine-needle aspiration biopsy is the most important procedure for differentiating benign thyroid nodules from malignant ones. Traditionally, findings of fine-needle aspiration biopsy are divided into four categories: nondiagnostic, benign lesions, suspected cancer, and malignant lesions. Group suspicious for cancer largely involves follicular neoplasms as well as lesions with cytological features of malignancy.

Increasing thyroid cancer incidence in Lithuania in 1978-2003.

Background: The aim of this paper is to analyze changes in thyroid cancer incidence trends in Lithuania during the period 1978-2003 using joinpoint regression models, with special attention to the period 1993-2003.

Methods: The study was based on all cases of thyroid cancer reported to the Lithuanian Cancer Registry between 1978 and 2003. Age group-specific rates and standardized rates were calculated for each gender, using the direct method (world standard population).