Methanolic extract of Cariniana rubra Gardner ex Miers stem bark negatively regulate the leukocyte migration and TNF-α and up-regulate the annexin-A1 expression.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Cariniana rubra Gardner ex Miers (Lecythidaceae), is a native and endemic tree in Brazil, whose inner stem bark decoction preparation is used in folk medicine to treat various inflammatory disorders. Previous scientific reports confirmed its popular use as an anti-inflammatory, without, however, evaluating its action mechanisms.

Aim: The objective of this study was to determine the cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory mechanism of action of the methanolic extract of Cariniana rubra (MECr), using experimental models in vivo and in vitro, as well as to identify secondary metabolites present in the extract.

Antibacterial mode of action of the hydroethanolic extract of Leonotis nepetifolia (L.) R. Br. involves bacterial membrane perturbations.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Leonotis nepetifolia (L) R. Br., Lamiaceae, a pantropical shrub, popularly known in Brazil as "cordão-de-frade", "rubim", is reportedly used in Brazilian ethnomedicine as well as in different countries in the treatments of ailments such as infections, inflammations, wounds, stomach disorders, among others.