Treatment and outcomes of lateral collateral ligament injury associated with anterior and posterior cruciate ligament injury at 2-year follow-up.

Background: Injuries to the lateral collateral ligament (LCL) are most commonly associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury than with posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injury. There is currently a paucity in the literature in regards to treatment and outcomes of such lesions.

Methods: 30 patients underwent surgical treatment of concomitant LCL and ACL injury or concomitant LCL and PCL injury with follow-up postoperative period of two years.

Lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by activated Cebus apella macrophages treated with a complex homeopathic immune response modifiers.

Introduction: Canova is a complex homeopathic medicine that enhances a specific immunologic responses against several exogenous and endogenous conditions. Canova activates macrophages both in vivo and in vitro.

Aim And Method: We evaluated the effects of macrophages activated by Canova in vivo and ex vitro in the proliferation of lymphocytes.