In vitro immunomodulatory effects of Caryocar villosum oil on murine macrophages.

Macrophages undergo activation in response to multiple stimuli, including pathogens, growth factors and natural products. The inflammatory response and oxidative stress play critical roles in such macrophage activation. Some natural products reportedly promote immunoregulatory effects and the control of macrophage activation.

Fatty Acid Amides Suppress Proliferation via Cannabinoid Receptors and Promote the Apoptosis of C6 Glioma Cells in Association with Akt Signaling Pathway Inhibition.

A glioma is a type of tumor that acts on the Central Nervous System (CNS) in a highly aggressive manner. Gliomas can occasionally be inaccurately diagnosed and treatments have low efficacy, meaning that patients exhibit a survival of less than one year after diagnosis. Due to factors such as intratumoral cell variability, inefficient chemotherapy drugs, adaptive resistance development to drugs and tumor recurrence after resection, the search continues for new drugs that can inhibit glioma cell growth.

Polymeric nanoparticles containing kojic acid induce structural alterations and apoptosis-like death in () .

Leishmaniasis encompasses a cluster of neglected tropical diseases triggered by kinetoplastid phatogens belonging to the genus Leishmania. Current therapeutic approaches are toxic, expensive, and require long-term treatment. Nanoparticles are emerging as a new alternative for the treatment of neglected tropical diseases.

In Vitro Leishmanicidal Activity of Copaiba Oil and Kojic Acid Combination on the Protozoan and Host Cell.

(1) Background: Leishmaniasis refers to a group of anthropozoonotic diseases caused by Leishmania. The major chemotherapeutic agent used for its treatment is Glucantime, but the search continues for new compounds that are economically viable and act on the protozoan without causing damage to the host cell. As an alternative approach, this study used a combination of copaiba oil (CO) and kojic acid (KA) to determine their in vitro action on host cells, on the protozoan and its interaction with macrophages.

The GABAergic System and Endocannabinoids in Epilepsy and Seizures: What Can We Expect from Plant Oils?

Seizures and epilepsy are some of the most common serious neurological disorders, with approximately 80% of patients living in developing/underdeveloped countries. However, about one in three patients do not respond to currently available pharmacological treatments, indicating the need for research into new anticonvulsant drugs (ACDs). The GABAergic system is the main inhibitory system of the brain and has a central role in seizures and the screening of new ACD candidates.

Activity of alkaloids from Aspidosperma nitidum against Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis.

This study evaluated the morphological changes caused by fractions and subfractions, obtained from barks of Aspidosperna nitidum, against L. (L.) amazonensis promastigotes.

360°: Guidelines for Exosomal Research.

parasites are a group of kinetoplastid pathogens that cause a variety of clinical disorders while maintaining cell communication by secreting extracellular vesicles. Emerging technologies have been adapted for the study of -host cell interactions, to enable the broad-scale analysis of the extracellular vesicles of this parasite. extracellular vesicles (EVs) are spheroidal nanoparticles of polydispersed suspensions surrounded by a layer of lipid membrane.

Culture of in Different Carbon Sources to Induce In Vitro Cholesterol Consumption Leads to Alterations in the Host Cells after Infection: A Macrophage Proteomics Analysis.

During tuberculosis, uses host macrophage cholesterol as a carbon and energy source. To mimic these conditions, can be cultured in minimal medium (MM) to induce cholesterol consumption in vitro. During cultivation, consumes MM cholesterol and changes the accumulation of cell wall compounds, such as PIMs, LM, and LAM, which plays an important role in its pathogenicity.

Agathisflavone, a Biflavonoid from Anacardium occidentale L., Inhibits Influenza Virus Neuraminidase.

Background: Neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) are the only class of antivirals in clinical use against influenza virus approved worldwide. However, approximately 1-3% of circulating strains present resistance mutations to oseltamivir (OST), the most used NAI. Therefore, it is important to catalogue new molecules to inhibit influenza virus, especially OST-resistant strains.

Microenvironment of Culture to Induce Cholesterol Consumption Does Cell Wall Remodeling and Enables the Formation of Granuloma-Like Structures.

Pathogenic species of mycobacteria are known to use the host cholesterol during lung infection as an alternative source of carbon and energy. Mycobacteria culture in minimal medium (MM) has been used as an experimental model to study the consumption of exogenous cholesterol. Once in MM, different species of mycobacteria start to consume the cholesterol and initiate transcriptional and metabolic adaptations, upregulating the enzymes of the methylcitrate cycle (MCC) and accumulating a variety of primary metabolites that are known to be important substrates for cell wall biosynthesis.

Distribution of phlebotomine fauna (Diptera: Psychodidae) across an urban-rural gradient in an area of endemic visceral leishmaniasis in northern Brazil.

The number of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) cases has increased over the past 10 years in Brazil, especially in the North and Northeast regions of the country. The aim of this study was to evaluate the urbanisation of VL vectors in Barcarena, Pará, an area in northern Brazil where VL is endemic. Sandflies were captured using Centers for Disease Control (CDC) light traps along an urban-rural gradient.