Estimation of allele-specific Ace-1 duplication in insecticide-resistant Anopheles mosquitoes from West Africa.

Background: Identification of variation in Ace-1 copy number and G119S mutation genotype from samples of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles coluzzii across West Africa are important diagnostics of carbamate and organophosphate resistance at population and individual levels. The most widespread and economical method, PCR-RFLP, suffers from an inability to discriminate true heterozygotes from heterozygotes with duplication.

Methods: In addition to PCR-RFLP, in this study three different molecular techniques were applied on the same mosquito specimens: TaqMan qPCR, qRTPCR and ddPCR.

Transmission of malaria in relation to distribution and coverage of long-lasting insecticidal nets in central Côte d'Ivoire.

Background: The use of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) is an effective malaria control strategy. However, there are challenges to achieve high coverage, such as distribution sustainability, and coverage keep-up. This study assessed the effect of LLINs coverage and contextual factors on entomological indicators of malaria in rural Côte d'Ivoire.