In vivo assessment of liver fibrosis using diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy: a proof of concept.

A novel application of diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy in the assessment of liver fibrosis is here reported. To induce different stages of liver fibrosis, a sufficient number of male Wistar rats were differentially exposed to chronic administration with carbon tetrachloride. Then, diffuse reflectance and fluorescence spectra were in vivo measured from the liver surface of each animal by a minimal invasive laparoscopic procedure.

Solubility of CaHPO · 2HO in the System Ca(OH)-HPO-HO at 5, 15, 25, and 37.5 °C.

Solubility isotherms for CaHPO · 2HO, dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, DCPD, in the ternary system Ca(OH) - HPO - HO were determined at 5, 15, 25, and 37.5 °C in the pH range 3.5 - 7; the relative positions of the isotherms indicate that DCPD has a negative thermal coefficient of solubility.

Solubility of CaHPO · 2HO and Formation of Ion Pairs in the System Ca(OH)- HPO - HO at 37.5 °C.

The solubility isotherm for CaHPO · 2HO (DCPD) in the three-component system Ca(OH) - HPO - HO was determined in the H range 3.5 to 6.8 by leaching a thermostated column of DCPD with dilute phosphoric acid solutions.