Inorganic osmolytes and enzymatic biomarkers from the manabi oyster (Crassostrea cf. corteziensis) in response to saline stress.

Abrupt drops in salinity that occur in tropical estuaries during the equatorial rainy season led to hyposaline conditions which may reduce the populational density of oysters. To assess the effect of saline stress on physiological and metabolic responses of the Manabi oyster (Crassostrea cf. corteziensis) was exposed to 35, 30, 20,10 and 5‰ concentrations during 96 h.

Modulation of innate immune responses in the flame scallop Ctenoides scaber (Born, 1778) caused by exposure to used automobile crankcase oils.

The used automobile crankcase oils are potential sources of contaminant elements for the coastal-marine ecosystems, affecting mainly the immunological system of organisms that feed by filtration, e. g. scallops.

Colorless spherule cells and lysozyme contribute to innate immunological responses in the sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus, exposed to bacterial challenge.

The sea urchin Lytechinus variegatus is considered a good candidate for aquaculture, but bacterial diseases are a major challenge in culture conditions. The innate immunological defenses of L. variegatus to bacterial challenges were assessed through hematology parameters, in vitro phagocytosis, lysozyme activity and total plasma protein concentrations in cell-free coelomic fluid.

Antioxidant defenses of flame scallop (Born, 1778) exposed to the water-soluble fraction of used vehicle crankcase oils.

Used vehicle crankcase oils are a source of contamination in Caribbean marine environments and may alter the oxidative balance of organism that inhabiting coastal ecosystems. This paper aims to evaluate effects of a water-soluble fraction of used vehicle crankcase oils (WSF-UVCO) on the antioxidant responses of the flame scallop . The organisms were exposed to ascending sublethal concentrations 0, 0.