Spinal hemiepiphysiodesis decreases the size of vertebral growth plate hypertrophic zone and cells.

Background: Hemiepiphysiodesis is a potential method to treat idiopathic juvenile scoliosis early. The purpose of the present study was to investigate a mechanism of curve creation in the pig thoracic model of spinal hemiepiphysiodesis by determining whether the structure of the vertebral growth plate varied with distance from the stapled, concave side of the spine. The hypotheses were that the heights of the hypertrophic zone, hypertrophic cells, and disc would be decreased on the treated side of the treated level as compared with both an unstapled control level and the side opposite the staple.

Malignant rhabdoid tumor mimicking hepatoblastoma: a case report and literature review.

Hepatoblastoma accounts for the vast majority of malignant primary liver tumors in infancy. In contrast, rhabdoid tumors arising in the liver are extremely rare, but they can share clinical and histologic features with hepatoblastoma and can create diagnostic confusion, especially when one is dealing with small biopsies. In this case report we demonstrate that immunohistochemical and molecular techniques can identify the characteristic loss of INI1 and facilitate making the correct diagnosis of primary hepatic malignant rhabdoid tumor.

Translocation carcinomas of the kidney after chemotherapy in childhood.

Purpose: Children who survive cancer are at more than 19-fold increased risk of developing another malignancy. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurring as a secondary malignancy is uncommon. Translocation RCC, bearing TFE3 or TFEB gene fusions, are recently recognized entities for which risk factors have not been identified.

Successful treatment of an unresectable choroid plexus carcinoma in a patient with Li-Fraumeni syndrome.

Choroid plexus carcinoma (CPC) is an uncommon central nervous system tumor requiring complete surgical excision for favorable outcome. The authors report the successful treatment of a 2-year-old patient with widely disseminated CPC and Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Following a partial resection of the tumor the patient received chemotherapy consisting of cyclophosphamide, etoposide, and carboplatin.

MRI appearance of accessory breast tissue: a diagnostic consideration for an axillary mass in a peripubertal or pubertal girl.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to describe the MRI appearance of accessory breast tissue that should be considered a diagnostic possibility in peripubertal or pubertal girls who present with an axillary mass along the course of the primitive milk streak.

Conclusion: The MRI appearance of accessory breast tissue is of a mass discontinuous with-but with signal intensity and contrast enhancement characteristics similar to-normal breast parenchyma.

Sonography of pediatric male breast masses: gynecomastia and beyond.

Background: Palpable breast masses are rare in the pediatric male population. Prior reports have described the ultrasound findings of the normal pediatric breast, masses seen primarily in female pediatric patients, and masses seen in adult males.

Objective: To describe and illustrate the sonographic findings in gynecomastia and other causes of breast masses in a group of pediatric males.

Osteogenic sarcoma after orbital radiation rhabdomyosarcoma.

Purpose: We describe the occurrence of maxillary and orbital osteogenic sarcoma in a child after treatment of contralateral orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with external beam radiation and chemotherapy.

Design: Interventional case report.

Intervention: Treatment of a maxillary and orbital rhabdomyosarcoma with surgical resection, systemic chemotherapy, and local radiation.