Associations between hospital deaths (HSMR), readmission and length of stay (LOS): a longitudinal assessment of performance results and facility characteristics of teaching and large-sized hospitals in Canada between 2013-2014 and 2017-2018.

Objectives: To examine the association between hospital deaths (hospital standardised mortality ratio, HSMR), readmission, length of stay (LOS) and eight hospital characteristics.

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Setting: A total of 119 teaching and large-sized hospitals in Canada between fiscal years 2013-2014 and 2017-2018.

Appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of care delivered in Canadian hospitals: a longitudinal assessment on the utility of publicly reported performance trend data between 2012-2013 and 2016-2017.

Objectives: To assess the utility of publicly reported performance trend results of Canadian hospitals (by hospital size/type and jurisdiction).

Design: Longitudinal observational study.

Setting: 489 hospitals in Canada between fiscal years 2012-2013 and 2016-2017.

Formation of aeolian ripples and sand sorting.

We present a continuous model capable of demonstrating some salient features of aeolian sand ripples: the realistic asymmetric ripple shape, coarsening of the ripple field at the nonlinear stage of ripple growth, saturation of ripple growth for homogeneous sand, typical size segregation of sand, and formation of armoring layers of coarse particles on ripple crests and windward slopes if the sand is inhomogeneous.