[The Medical-Economic Certificate: Costs and budget of health systems].

In health systems, it is necessary to assess the costs for the production of services and the magnitude of the budget to operate, its formulation has been with the Historical Public Budget in Health, which can be complemented with the Zero-Base Budget, with reference medical technical costs. from the Economic Medical Certificate of the Groups Related to the Diagnosis and the Groups Related to Outpatient Care of the IMSS. The preparation of the certificate is for each scenario of treatment by hospital or outpatient diagnosis in four successive phases with groups of IMSS professionals.

[Meanings of the medical profession from the ideology of medical professionals].

This article deals with the ideology of medical professionals in order to understand the meanings attributed to their profession, taking Thompson's theory as a starting point and centering on the categories of autonomy, norms and values, and social recognition. Twenty-four semi-structured interviews were conducted with medical professionals in Amecameca, a municipality in the State of Mexico, from March to October 2019, in four sectors of service provision: public institutional, private institutional, private practice, and mixed practice. The analysis of meanings expressed by medical professionals with respect to each category of interest reveals that medical professionals are conditioned by the structure of state control and by the commodified economy, where private forms of medical practice are more highly regarded.

Medical consultation, time and duration.

This essay is a reflection of the time and duration of the medical consultation, seen as a social process that is determined by macro structures following the productive logic and the demands of modern time. The length of the medical discussion is heterogeneous worldwide; in contrast, what is standard is the perception of the professionals and the patients that the time for interaction is short. Such a perception pervades the doctor-patient relationship, perpetuating a cycle of dissatisfaction-tension-anxiety in these actors.

[A health system's neoliberal reform: evidence from the Mexican case].

This study addressed the shaping of Mexico's health system in recent years, with an analysis of the social determination conditioning the system's current formulation, the consequences for the population's living and working conditions, and the technical and legal reform measures that shaped the system's transformation. The article then analyzes the survival of social security institutions and the introduction of an individual insurance model and its current implications and consequences. From the perspective of the right to health, the article compares the measures, resources, and interventions in both health care models and highlights the relevance of the social security system for Popular Insurance.

The feeding-nutrition connection, three aspects for its understanding.

Feeding is not an isolated concept; it is linked to biological, psychological, cultural, political and economic determinants. Physiologically the meeting of the biological need is very important, but when a group is subjected to a diet that only satisfies hunger and does not provide for nutrients, chronic deficient nutritional stages appear that impact social welfare and health. In this paper, we present three instances of nutritional problems that affect the Mexican population: child malnourishment, obesity and food security.

Relationship between gender, income and education and self-perceived oral health among elderly Mexicans. An exploratory study.

The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between sociodemographic factors and self-perceived oral health (SPOH) among the elderly. A cross-sectional, exploratory examination of 150 elderly subjects whose ages ranged from 60-86 was conducted. These subjects used the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) to assess their SPOH.

[Family medicine and practice in the Mexican Social Security Institute].

The central ideas of this research paper are related to the practice of family medicine as a specialty. It focuses in its origins, problems, unique characteristics, limitations, scope, management, and processes within the context of primary care of the Mexican Social Security System. This approach was based on a qualitative, hermeneutical study closely related to the Structural Functionalism Theory.

Social Representation of Dementia and Its Influence on the Search for Early Care by Family Member Caregivers.

Introduction: Social representations (SRs) contain 3 dimensions: information, attitude, and field. These affect the recognition of the first symptoms of dementia by the patient's caregiver. This study focused on the period from the first signs of cognitive difficulties to the diagnosis of dementia.

[The confrontation of sexuality in the professional practice of future physicians: the viewpoint of medical interns].

The subject of sexuality in academic and service institutions is perceived through predominantly biological conceptual perspectives, blurring the subjective component that is imbued in social and cultural processes. The meanings that medical staff construct around sexuality have implications in their professional development and practice. This work presents results from a qualitative study into the meaning of sexuality among medical interns from the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco.

[Organization of the drug supply chain in state health services: potential consequences of the public-private mix].

Objective: To assess the consequences of private outsourcing on the overall supply and filling of prescriptions in state health services.

Material And Methods: The research was conducted using quantitative and qualitative techniques in 13 states. The information was collected through interviews and direct observation.

[Perception of health risks due to air pollution among adolescents in Mexico City].

Objective: Analyze the relations established between air pollution and health-disease-death in a sample of students in Mexico City.

Material And Methods: Survey of 1274 students from 14 secondary schools in five areas in Mexico City was conducted between March and April of 2003. We used a multi-stage sampling, based in a basic geostatistical areas (AGEB).

[Public health: knowledge, practice and training].

This paper presents a discussion regarding Public Health's main challenges: knowledge of it, professional practice and training human resources. It begins by recognising Latin-America's unequal and polar socio-sanitary context and the sanitary field's myriad single referents, paying special attention to essential public health functions, the Millennium development goals and the Latin-American Association of Public Health Education. Emphasis is placed on three components: knowledge of public health (levels, domains, disciplines, temporality, dimensions and complexity), social practice (state-public, collective general practice and group professional practice) and human resources' training (professional, technical, training and up-dating).