Assessing Antioxidant Properties, Phenolic Compound Profiles, Organic Acids, and Sugars in Conventional Apple Cultivars (): A Chemometric Approach.

This study analyzed the phenolic compounds, organic acids, sugars, and antioxidant activity in different conventional apple cultivars () from the Serbian market. Polyphenol profiles, sugars, and organic acid contents were analyzed by HPLC, and antioxidant activity was examined by DPPH and FRAP. Notable findings included variations in phenolic compound presence, with certain compounds detected only in specific cultivars.

Astringent Gallic Acid in Red Wine Regulates Mechanisms of Gastric Acid Secretion via Activation of Bitter Taste Sensing Receptor TAS2R4.

Red wine is rich in phenolic compounds, which chiefly determine its characteristic taste. One of its major phenolic acid constituents for which an astringency, yet no clear contribution to bitter taste has been reported, is gallic acid (GA). In previous studies, we have demonstrated bitter-tasting constituents to regulate cellular proton secretion (PS) as a key mechanism of gastric acid secretion via activation of bitter taste sensing receptors (TAS2Rs).

Polysulfides Applied as Formulated Garlic Extract to Protect Tomato Plants against the Root-Knot Nematode .

The devastating root-knot nematode can cause severe damage to field and greenhouse crops. Due to high economic losses, alternative products are essential to replace banned or strictly regulated nematicides that affect human health and/or the environment. Garlic based products have been previously investigated as environmentally friendly nematicides and their active substances, diallyl polysulfides exist as formulated nematicides on the market.

Aromatypicity of Austrian Pinot Blanc Wines.

Pinot blanc is a grape variety found in all wine-growing regions of Austria. However, there are only few scientific studies which deal with the aroma of wines of this variety. In the course of this project, the relationship between aroma profile and the typicity of Austrian Pinot blanc wines was studied.

Evaluation of fluopyram for the control of in sugar beet.

Fluopyram, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has shown potential in controlling and in tomato. The effectiveness of this compound for the control of in sugar beet was evaluated. In this study, laboratory, growth chamber, glasshouse, and field experiments were conducted.

First Morphological and Molecular Report of on Strawberry Plants in Switzerland.

Foliar nematodes represent a minor feeding group within the genus Fischer, 1894. The facultative plant parasitic species can cause crinkling of leaves, reduced vigor, and stunting of agricultural and ornamental plants. Here we report the first finding of in leaves, crowns, and roots of strawberry plants collected in Switzerland in 2018.

Identification of Catechin, Syringic Acid, and Procyanidin B2 in Wine as Stimulants of Gastric Acid Secretion.

Organic acids of wine, in addition to ethanol, have been identified as stimulants of gastric acid secretion. This study characterized the influence of other wine compounds, particularly phenolic compounds, on proton secretion. Forty wine parameters were determined in four red wines and six white wines, including the contents of organic acids and phenolic compounds.

Malolactic enzyme from Oenococcus oeni: heterologous expression in Escherichia coli and biochemical characterization.

Malolactic enzymes (MLE) are known to directly convert L-malic acid into L-lactic acid with a catalytical requirement of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD (+) ) and Mn ( 2+) ; however, the reaction mechanism is still unclear. To study a MLE, the structural gene from Oenococcus oeni strain DSM 20255 was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli, yielding 22.9 kU l (-1) fermentation broth.

Heterologous expression of Oenococcus oeni malolactic enzyme in Lactobacillus plantarum for improved malolactic fermentation.

Lactobacillus plantarum is involved in a multitude of food related industrial fermentation processes including the malolactic fermentation (MLF) of wine. This work is the first report on a recombinant L. plantarum strain successfully conducting MLF.

Development of a device to measure human sound localization.

Measurements of human sound discrimination and localization are important for basic empirical and clinical applications. After a short survey of other methods such as evoked potentials, the development of a new device to measure human sound localization is described and its use illustrated with some examples. Built from a polyacrylic hemisphere or--in a later version--from an orbicular aluminum frame, the apparatus uses multiple speakers to emit auditory stimuli.

Characterization of two distinct glycosyl hydrolase family 78 alpha-L-rhamnosidases from Pediococcus acidilactici.

α-L-Rhamnosidases play an important role in the hydrolysis of glycosylated aroma compounds (especially terpenes) from wine. Although several authors have demonstrated the enological importance of fungal rhamnosidases, the information on bacterial enzymes in this context is still limited. In order to fill this important gap, two putative rhamnosidase genes (ram and ram2) from Pediococcus acidilactici DSM 20284 were heterologously expressed, and the respective gene products were characterized.

Root colonisation by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus intraradices alters the quality of strawberry fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) at different nitrogen levels.

Background: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) increase the uptake of minerals from the soil, thus improving the growth of the host plant. Nitrogen (N) is a main mineral element for plant growth, as it is an essential component of numerous plant compounds affecting fruit quality. The availability of N to plants also affects the AMF-plant interaction, which suggests that the quality of fruits could be affected by both factors.

Estrogenic activity in white and red wine extracts.

Red wine is enriched in resveratrol, trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene, a compound in grape skin that inhibits the development of pre-neoplastic lesions in mouse mammary tumor cells in culture and inhibits cancer cell proliferation in vitro. Grapes also contain other bioactive compounds including flavonoids, flavans, and anthocyanins. The estrogenic activities of extracts prepared from one white (Freie Weingärtner Wachau, Grüner Veltliner, Austria) and two red wines (Woodbridge, Cabernet Sauvignon, California; and Lenz Moser Prestige, Blaufränkisch Barrique, Austria) were examined and compared with those induced by estradiol (E(2)) and trans-resveratrol.