Correcting near vision impairment and women's empowerment: a before-after mixed-methods study among older Zanzibari craftswomen.

Objective: To understand if presbyopia correction could empower older craftswomen entrepreneurs living in Zanzibar.

Design: Mixed-method, before-after intervention study.

Setting: Unguja and Pemba islands, Zanzibar.

Needs and views on eye health and women's empowerment and theory of change map: implication on the development of a women-targeted eyecare programme for older Zanzibari craftswomen.

Objectives: To assess needs and views regarding eye health and empowerment from craftswomen's perspectives to develop a theory of change (ToC) for a women-targeted eyecare programme.

Material And Methods: Eighteen stakeholders participated in a 2-day consultation workshop in Zanzibar. The composition was (1) 15 women and 3 men; (2) Unguja (n=8), Pemba (n=6) and Tanzania mainland (n=4) and (3) craftswomen (n=14) and governmental stakeholders (n=4).

Contextual factors affecting integration of eye health into school health programme in Zanzibar: a qualitative health system research.

Background: Short-term school eye health programmes supported by external funders have sustainability issues. This study aimed to understand the contextual factors affecting integrating eye health into the school health programme.

Methods: We elicited responses from 83 respondents, purposefully selected from the Ministry of Health (n = 7), Ministry of Education and Vocational Training (n = 7), hospitals/eye centres (n = 5), master trainers (4) and schools (n = 60) who participated in in-depth interviews.

Subjective Wellbeing, Work Performance and Lived Experience of Zanzibari Women Entrepreneurs with Uncorrected Functional Presbyopia: A Pre-Post Mixed-Methods Study.

Purpose: Uncorrected presbyopia has been shown to reduce Zanzibari women's quality of life. In this mixed-methods study, we examined the subjective wellbeing and self-reported work performance among older women entrepreneurs with functional presbyopia before and shortly after correction, and how poor vision at close distance affected their daily lives.

Methods: Women entrepreneurs underwent eye examination to identify those with uncorrected functional presbyopia.

Refractive error, eye care needs and attitude towards spectacle wearing among older Zanzibari craftswomen and implications for developing women-targeted services: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Aged Zanzibari women are in a disadvantaged position, having high demand for near-vision spectacles. Currently, there is no information on the eye health status of craftswomen, which makes planning a women-targeted project to deliver eye health services to older craftswomen in Zanzibar difficult. We assessed the prevalence of vision impairment, refractive error, presbyopia, effective spectacle coverage (distance and near) and attitude towards spectacle wearing among older Zanzibari craftswomen.

How does a pair of near-vision spectacle correction empower older Zanzibari craftswomen?: A qualitative study on perception.

Background: Studies have shown that correcting presbyopia among women could increase short-term income and quality of life. However, it is unclear whether these short-term outcomes translate to long-term empowerment. This is partly due to women's empowerment being under-studied in the eye health field.

Does an integrated school eye health delivery model perform better than a vertical model in a real-world setting? A non-randomised interventional comparative implementation study in Zanzibar.

Background: Few studies on school eye health programmes have shown they were cost-effective. We compared the performance (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation and Maintenance (RE-AIM)) between an integrated model (IM) and a vertical model (VM) of school eye health delivery in Zanzibar.

Methods: The set of RE-AIM performance indicators of the IM (n=9) and VM (n=10) cohorts was compared.

Is an integrated model of school eye health delivery more cost-effective than a vertical model? An implementation research in Zanzibar.

Objective: To review and compare the cost-effectiveness of the integrated model (IM) and vertical model (VM) of school eye health programme in Zanzibar.

Methods And Analysis: This 6-month implementation research was conducted in four districts in Zanzibar. Nine and ten schools were recruited into the IM and VM, respectively.

Prevalence of refractive error, presbyopia and spectacle coverage in Kahama District, Tanzania: a rapid assessment of refractive error.

Background: In Tanzania, the prevalence of refractive error and presbyopia have not been comprehensively assessed, limiting appropriate planning and implementation of delivery of vision care. This study sought to determine the prevalence of refractive error and presbyopia, spectacle coverage and the barriers to uptake of refractive services in people aged 15 years and older in the Kahama district of Tanzania.

Methods: A cross-sectional community-based survey was conducted using 54 randomly selected clusters.