Transient global amnesia and hippocampal diffusion restriction: an overlooked radiological finding.

Transient global amnesia (TGA) is characterized by isolated sudden anterograde amnesia. Diffusion restriction can be observed in the hippocampus on DWI-MRI at varying rates in TGA patients. This study analyzes the prevalence and characteristics of the hippocampal diffusion restriction (HDR), its relationship with vascular risk factors, and the prevalence of lesions overlooked in routine reports.

Listeria Rhombencephalitis and Infratentorial Brain Abcesses ın a Young Adult with Stroke Like Presentation.

Rhombencephalitis refers to the inflammation of rhombencephalon, and Listeria monocytogenes is one of the causes of infectious rhombencephalitis. Listeria rhombencephalitis is a rare and severe infection with high mortality and morbidity. As the disease can present with a variety of neurological symptoms and nonspecific laboratory tests, it can easily be misdiagnosed.

Do Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width Have An Association with White Matter Hyperintensities in Migraine Patients?

Objective: Increased prevalence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is reported in migraine patients; however, the pathophysiology and the progression of these lesions are not definitely clear. Mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW) are easily obtained markers for platelet activity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the relationship between the presence of WMH and MPV and PDW in patients with migraine in order to determine the role of platelet activity in the pathophysiology of WMH.

Hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea with duloxetine in neuropathic pain management.

Duloxetine is a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor that is widely used in chronic pain treatment in various diseases. Hyperprolactinemia and galactorrhea are rare side effects of this medication. Here, we reported a 34-year-old female with multiple sclerosis who used duloxetine for pain management and mood disorder and experienced galactorrhea.

Predictors of progression in primary progressive multiple sclerosis in a large Turkish cohort.

Background: Studies on the predictors of progression for primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) are limited and there is no information in the literature for populations outside Europe and North America. In this study, we aimed to identify predictors of progression in a large Turkish PPMS cohort.

Methods: We analyzed a cohort of 157 PPMS patients to investigate the effect of age of onset, gender, onset symptoms, presence or absence of relapses, and baseline gadolinium-enhancing lesions on the rate of progression to EDSS6 by using Kaplan-Meier analysis and multivariate Cox regression.

Ipilimumab treatment associated with myasthenic crises and unfavorable disease course.

Ipilimumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 is a treatment option for metastatic melanoma. This receptor serves as an inhibitor receptor on T lymphocytes and blockage of these results predisposition to autoimmune diseases. The patients with autoimmune disorders were excluded in clinical trials and there is no sufficient data of the treatment on these patients who already have an autoimmune disorder.

Relationship between white matter hyperintensities and retinal nerve fiber layer, choroid, and ganglion cell layer thickness in migraine patients.

Aim To compare the relationship between white matter hyperintensities (WMH) on brain magnetic resonance imaging and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), choroid, and ganglion cell layer (GCL) thicknesses in migraine patients and healthy subjects. We also assessed the role of cerebral hypoperfusion in the formation of these WMH lesions. Methods We enrolled 35 migraine patients without WMH, 37 migraine patients with WMH, and 37 healthy control subjects examined in the Neurology outpatient clinic of our tertiary center from May to December 2015.

Prevalence and Treatment of Neuropathic Pain in Kidney and Liver Transplant Recipients.

Objectives: Neurologic complications are common after kidney and liver transplant. Neurologic complications affect mortality and morbidity in transplant recipients, and neuropathic pain is an important symptom affecting a patient's quality of life. The aim of the present study was to provide readers with our experience regarding causes and treatment of neuropathic pain in patients undergoing kidney and liver transplant at our transplantation center.

Epilepsy After Heart Transplant: A Single Center Experience.

Objectives: Cardiac transplant is the best treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure. Neurologic complications occur at a rate of 30% to 80% in patients undergoing cardiac transplant. Seizures occur at a rate of 2% to 20%.

Clinical results of carotid artery stenting versus carotid endarterectomy.

Objective: To review our results of carotid artery stenting (CAS) and carotid endarterectomy (CEA).

Methods: We evaluated the medical records of patients undergoing carotid artery revascularization procedure, between 2001 and 2013 in Baskent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey. Carotid artery stenting or CEA procedures were performed in patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (>/=70%) or symptomatic stenosis (>/=50%).

Unfavorable outcome of pediatric onset multiple sclerosis: Follow-up in the pediatric and adult neurology departments of one referral center, in Turkey.

Background: The prevalence of MS starting under 18 years of age ranges between 2-10% of the total MS population.

Objective: We aimed to examine the clinical and long term follow-up data of pediatric-onset cases in our institutional MS database.

Method: We evaluated the clinical data from the MS database of the Departments of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology of Hacettepe University Hospital.

A Rare Cause of a Cerebrovascular Accident in a Renal Transplant Recipient: Corpus Callosum Infarction.

Renal transplantation is a life-saving procedure in patients with end-stage renal failure. Advanced surgical procedures and enhanced perioperative care favorably affect the progression of the disease. Despite these advances, neurological complications are important sources of mortality and morbidity.

Neurologic Complications After Cardiac Transplant.

Objectives: Cardiac transplant is the best available therapy for patients with end-stage heart failure. Neurologic complications occur at a rate of 30% to 70% in patients undergoing cardiac transplant, and they affect mortality and morbidity of these patients. Risk factors for neurologic complications include immunosuppressive medication toxicity, infections, brain lesions, and metabolic disorders.

Aspirin resistance in cerebrovascular disease and the role of glycoprotein IIIa polymorphism in Turkish stroke patients.

Aspirin resistance occurs in 5-45% of high-risk patients, with various mechanisms proposed for its development. This study aimed to determine the relationships among aspirin resistance, aspirin dosage, type of aspirin and glycoprotein IIIa P1A1/A2 polymorphism in patients with vascular risk factors. Two hundred and eight (75 symptomatic, 133 asymptomatic) patients with vascular risk factors who were using aspirin for primary or secondary prevention were prospectively included.

Neuromyelitis optica in children: a review of the literature.

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) is a rare and severe inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS), which constitutes up to 5% of pediatric aquired demyelinating diseases. The optic nerves and the spinal cord are the most affected sites. The discovery of an autoantibody called NMO-IgG, which targets aquaporin-4, the main water channel in the CNS, gave a new direction to understanding the underlying immunologic mechanisms.

Rare Presentation of Midbrain Infarction: Isolated Medial Rectus Palsy.

A 69-year-old woman presented with sudden onset of diplopia. In neurologic examination left medial rectus palsy without abduction nystagmus was detected. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed acute ischemic lesion in mesencephalon on diffusion-weighted images.

Spontaneous Spinal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage with Residual Arachnoid Cyst: A Case Report.

Spinal subarachnoid hemorrhage is a rare condition that usually occurs because of secondary causes and idiopathic spontaneous ones are extremely rare. We report a 56-year-old woman who presented with severe headache, neck pain and urinary retention. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage that extended from T1 to lumbar vertebrae.

Neurologic complications after liver transplant: experience at a single center.

Objectives: Neurologic complications occur frequently after liver transplants. Up to 43% of patients experience severe postsurgical neurologic complications. These complications are significantly associated with longer hospital stay, morbidity, and mortality.

Seizure as a neurologic complication after liver transplant.

Objectives: Seizure is a common complication after liver transplant and has been reported to occur in up to 42% of patients in different case series. Multiple factors can trigger seizures, including immunosuppressive toxicity, sepsis, metabolic imbalance, and structural brain lesions. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate seizure types and associated factors in adult liver transplant patients.

The relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness.

The goal of the present study is to investigate the relationship between the degree of cognitive impairment and retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness which is measured by the optical coherence tomography (OCT). Thirty-five patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 35 patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 35 healthy volunteers, between the ages of 60-87, who were examined in the neurology outpatient clinic among 2012-2013 were prospectively involved in our study. Mini mental state examination (MMSE) test, montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA), and also neuropsychological test batteries were used for the neurocognitive evaluation.

Validation of Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Discriminant Power of Montreal Cognitive Assessment Subtests in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Dementia in Turkish Population.

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) is a new cognitive tool developed for screening mild cognitive impairment (MCI). The authors examined validity of MoCA and discriminating power of subtests in a Turkish population comprising of 474 participants (246 healthy controls, 114 subjects with MCI and 114 subjects with dementia). The ANCOVAs showed that age and education had a main effect on MoCA scores.

The prevalence and recognition rate of delirium in hospitalized elderly patients in Turkey.

Objective: Delirium is frequently observed, but generally under recognized in elderly hospitalized patients. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of delirium in elderly patients hospitalized at a university hospital, and to determine the recognition rate by hospital staff during hospitalization.

Methods: The study included 108 consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 years that were hospitalized in the medical and surgical inpatient departments at Başkent University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey.

Do knowledge of, perception of, and attitudes toward epilepsy affect the quality of life of Turkish children with epilepsy and their parents?

The main goal of this study was to evaluate knowledge of, perceptions of, and attitudes toward epilepsy and then to correlate knowledge with quality of life and stigmatization of children with epilepsy and their families. Specific questionnaires were administered to children aged 8 to 17 with epilepsy (n=220) and their parents (n=313). Poor school performance, less social support, less self-esteem, higher anxiety, greater stigmatization, and more depressive symptoms were documented in children who were less knowledgeable (P<0.