The evaluation of retrobulbar fat tissue in Graves' orbitopathy with shear-wave ultrasound elastography.

Purpose: To evaluate retrobulbar adipose tissue of patients with active and inactive Graves' orbitopathy (GO) by shear-wave ultrasound elastography (SWE).

Methods: Followed-up in our ophthalmology clinic due to GO, 72 eyes of 36 patients and 38 eyes of 19 healthy controls were included in this cross-sectional case-control study. Graves' patients were divided into two subgroups under clinical activity score (CAS): active Graves' orbitopathy (AGO) (CAS ≥ 3) and inactive Graves' orbitopathy (IGO) (CAS < 3).

A new approach for standardization and increased accuracy of lymph node washout thyroglobulin in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma.

Background: High values of fine needle aspiration washout thyroglobulin (FNAB-Tg) are diagnostic for metastatic lesions of thyroid cancer. However, there is not a consensus on cutoff for high FNAB-Tg level. In this study, we aimed to determine a more accurate and standardized parameter for FNAB-Tg.

Vitamin D Deficiency and Gallbladder Stasis.

Cholelithiasis or presence of calculi/gallstones in the gallbladder occurs more frequently in pregnant women. Vitamin D deficiency is suggested to be associated with gallbladder stasis, and a role for vitamin D supplementation is thought to have potential to prevent gallstones in this special population.

What is the effect of radioiodine therapy on Helicobacterpylori infection?

Background/aim: Helicobacter pylori is an important human pathogen associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastric mucosa- associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and adenocarcinoma. Radioiodine (RAI) treatment plays an important role in the management of differentiated thyroid cancer and primary hyperthyroidism. It is known that during RAI treatment, a considerable amount is absorbed by the stomach as well.

Anti-Müllerian hormone as a marker of premature ovarian aging in autoimmune thyroid disease.

There is an increased incidence of autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in women with infertility. We hypothesized that serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels will be lower in premenopausal women with AITD than controls. We evaluated ovarian reserve in women with AITD (n = 85) and healthy controls (n = 80), all <40 years old.

Primary thyroid disorders in patients with endogenous hypercortisolism: an observational study.

Cushing's syndrome (CS) may alter the performance of the hypothalamic-hypophyseal-thyroid axis. We searched for a relationship between hypercortisolism and primary thyroid disorders. The medical records of 40 patients with CS were retrospectively examined.

Thyroid autoimmunity in patients with hyperprolactinemia: an observational study.

Objective: To establish whether there is a relationship between hyperprolactinemia and primary thyroid disorders, focusing on patients with autoimmune features.

Materials And Methods: The medical records of 100 patients with hyperprolactinemia (HPRL) were retrospectively examined. Records of thyroid ultrasonography (USG), basal serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, circulating free thyroxine, free triiodothyronine, antithyroglobulin (anti-Tg), and antithyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies were analyzed.

Evaluation of left ventricle functions by tissue Doppler, strain, and strain rate echocardiography in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism.

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are increased in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). We aimed to evaluate left ventricle systolic and diastolic functions with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and strain and strain rate echocardiography in patients with PHPT. Thirty-one patients with PHPT and 29 healthy controls were evaluated with conventional and pulse Doppler echocardiography, TDI and strain and strain rate echocardiography.

"The diagnostic accuracy of thyroid nodule fine-needle aspiration cytology following thyroid surgery: a case-control study".

Thyroid surgery may cause regional scarring and some degree of fibrotic process which may extend into the perithyroidal soft tissues. This may result in problems when collecting thyroid fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) samples and evaluating the cellular abnormalities. This study aimed to determine if a history of thyroid surgery is a risk factor for nondiagnostic (ND) FNAB results.

Choroidal changes and duration of diabetes.

Purpose: We investigate changes in macular choroidal thickness in eyes without diabetic retinopathy of patients with various durations of diabetes, using enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI OCT).

Methods: The 134 Type-2 diabetic patients who presented without diabetic retinopathy were prospectively imaged using EDI OCT on Heidelberg Spectralis (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) sd-OCT. The patients with diabetes were classified into three groups, according to the duration of diabetes: Group I (5-9 years, n = 63); Group II (10-14 years, n = 37); Group III (15-40 years, n = 34).

"Is there any association between insulin resistance and thyroid cancer? : A case control study".

Insulin stimulates proliferation of thyroid cells in culture. The presence of insulin resistance (IR) is associated with larger thyroid gland volume and an increased prevalence of thyroid nodules. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of any possible association between IR and thyroid cancer.

Successful outpatient management of pelvic actinomycosis by ceftriaxone: a report of three cases.

Pelvic actinomycosis is a chronic granulomatous suppurative disease caused by actinomyces israeli. Intravenous penicillin is the preferred antimicrobial but it requires hospitalization up to one month. An outpatient treatment strategy would be cost effective and a good choice for patients.

Serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in primary hypertension and effect of antihypertensive treatment.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases, a family of proteolytic enzymes are thought to be involved in extracellular matrix accumulation during development of hypertensive target organ disease. The present study was designed to compare hypertensive patients with normotensive individuals with respect to serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 and to search for the effect of antihypertensive treatment on the serum enzyme levels.

Methods: Thirty-three patients with stage 1 primary hypertension and sixteen age- and sexmatched control subjects were enrolled into the study.

What are the clinical implications of nodular gastritis? Clues from histopathology.

There is no widely accepted histopathological definition for nodular gastritis. In this study we aim to uncover the pathologic entity responsible for the nodular appearance and to find clues about the clinical implications of nodular gastritis. Antral biopsy specimens of 160 patients with nodular gastritis and 133 patients without nodular gastritis were examined by an experienced pathologist for dysplasia, foveolar hyperplasia, inflammatory activity, intraepithelial lymphocytosis, intestinal metaplasia, and lymphoid follicle/aggregate formation, and comparative analysis was performed between the two groups of patients.