IgA vasculitis nephritis-outcomes in adult-onset disease.

Objectives: IgA vasculitis (IgAV) in adults has been relatively under-investigated. Since outcomes are worse in other forms of vasculitis with increasing age, we investigated the outcomes of IgAV comparing younger adults (18-34), middle aged adults (35-64) and elderly patients (≥64 years) focusing on kidney outcomes.

Methods: We identified patients with renal biopsy confirmed IgAV nephritis and collected data regarding clinical features and progression to end stage kidney disease (ESKD).

Examination of the interrelationships between nutrition, environmental sustainability and food-processing: A concept study using model diets.

Recent work has focused on understanding the link between diet quality and environmental impact, however it is also important to consider the role food processing plays in this relationship. Using model meal plans, this paper examines the link between nutrient content, environmental impact, and processing. Four distinct meal plans were considered - 'Healthy', 'Unhealthy', 'Healthy (plant-based)', 'Healthy (plant-based, processed)'.

Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D response to vitamin D supplementation using different lipid delivery systems in middle-aged and older adults: a randomised controlled trial.

Food fortification improves vitamin D intakes but is not yet mandated in many countries. Combining vitamin D with different dietary lipids altered vitamin D absorption in and postprandial studies. This randomised, placebo-controlled trial examined the effect of the lipid composition of a vitamin D-fortified dairy drink on change in 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations.

Postprandial 25-hydroxyvitamin D response varies according to the lipid composition of a vitamin D3 fortified dairy drink.

evidence suggests that the lipid component of foods alters vitamin D absorption. This single-blinded, cross-over postprandial study examined the effect of changing the lipid component of a 20 µg vitamin D fortified dairy drink on postprandial 25(OH)D concentrations. Participants consumed one dairy drink per visit: a non-lipid, a pre-formed oleic acid micelle, an olive oil and a fish oil dairy drink.

Development of a first order derivative spectrophotometry method to rapidly quantify protein in the presence of chitosan and its application in protein encapsulation systems.

A new protein quantification method based on first order derivative spectrophotometry was established to eliminate various interferences, mainly chitosan, to the utmost using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model food protein. Absorbance spectra of BSA solutions were recorded and their first order derivative calculated. The values of derivative absorbance at 288 nm were used to generate linear calibration curve of BSA.

Entrapment of proteins and peptides in chitosan-polyphosphoric acid hydrogel beads: A new approach to achieve both high entrapment efficiency and controlled in vitro release.

Bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey protein isolate (WPI), insulin and a casein hydrolysate were entrapped in chitosan-polyphosphoric acid (PPA) beads. The in vitro release of protein from the beads in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 3) and simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7) was evaluated. High entrapment efficiencies were achieved for intact proteins (>95% in all cases) but entrapment was lower for the casein hydrolysate (circa 50%), possibly indicating a physical or steric entrapment of the proteins in these chitosan-PPA beads.

Entrapment of protein in chitosan-tripolyphosphate beads and its release in an in vitro digestive model.

This research sought to evaluate the entrapment and in vitro release behaviour of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in chitosan-tripolyphosphate (TPP) hydrogel beads. Beads were manufactured by extruding gel forming solutions containing varying concentrations of chitosan (1-2.5%w/w) and BSA (0.

Untreated and enzyme-modified bovine whey products reduce association of Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Cronobacter malonaticus (formerly Enterobacter sakazakii) to CaCo-2 cells.

Aims: Adhesion of a micro-organism to a cell surface is often considered to be the first step in pathogenesis. Inhibiting this process may have therapeutic effects in vivo. This study investigates the inhibitory effects of various bovine whey products on the association of Salm.

Microencapsulation and oxidative stability of spray-dried fish oil emulsions.

Emulsions of menhaden oil and sodium caseinate (NaCas) incorporating carbohydrates of varying dextrose equivalence (DE) were spray-dried to yield encapsulated fish oil powders. The effects of carbohydrate DE (5.5-38), core/wall ratio and NaCas/carbohydrate ratio on microencapsulation efficiency (ME) and oxidative stability of spray-dried emulsions were examined.

Effect of partial replacement of gum arabic with carbohydrates on its microencapsulation properties.

Gum arabic solutions (10% w/v) were emulsified with soy oil at oil/gum ratios of 0.25-5.0.

Microencapsulating properties of sodium caseinate.

Emulsions were prepared with 5% (w/v) solutions of sodium caseinate (Na Cas) and soy oil at oil/protein ratios of 0.25-3.0 by homogenization at 10--50 MPa.