Clinical and Economic Correlates of Pharmacotherapy in Patients with Essential Tremor.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is among the most common movement disorders, yet there are few treatment options. Medications have limited efficacy and adverse effects; thus, patients often discontinue pharmacotherapy or take several medications in combination. We evaluated the economic correlates (healthcare resource utilization [HCRU] and costs) and comorbidities among adults with and without ET and among subgroups of patients with ET prescribed 0 to ≥3 ET medications.

Serum Neurofilament Light-Chain Levels in Essential Tremor: A Replication Study.

Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) is a highly-prevalent neurological disease. At present, there are no clinical biomarkers. Neurofilament light (NfL) has been studied as a measure of neuronal damage in a considerable number of neurological disorders.

Cranial Tremors in Essential Tremor: Prevalence, Anatomic Distribution and Predictors of Occurrence.

Background: There are few published data on the prevalence, pattern of anatomic distribution and predictors of various cranial tremors (eg, head, voice, jaw) in essential tremor (ET). Given the high levels of diagnostic misclassification in ET, data on observed clinical patterns would be valuable.

Objectives: To assess the prevalence, pattern of anatomic distribution and predictors of occurrence of cranial tremors in ET.

Essential tremor with tau pathology features seeds indistinguishable in conformation from Alzheimer's disease and primary age-related tauopathy.

Neurodegenerative tauopathies are characterized by the deposition of distinct fibrillar tau assemblies whose rigid core structures correlate with defined neuropathological phenotypes. Essential tremor (ET) is a progressive neurological disease that, in some cases, is associated with cognitive impairment and tau accumulation. Consequently, we explored the tau assembly conformation in ET patients with tau pathology using cytometry-based tau biosensor assays.

The Direct Medical Cost of Essential Tremor.

Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the direct medical cost of illness from essential tremor (ET) from a patient perspective.

Methods: Secondary data from the Optum's de-identified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database from 2018-2019 were used to assess medical resource utilization and costs. Propensity score matching was used to match patients aged 40+ to statistically similar controls.

Six Myths and Misconceptions about Essential Tremor.

There are myths and misperceptions about most human diseases, and neurological diseases are no exception. In many instances, myths and misconceptions reflect what is no more than the collective failure of the field to catch up with the state of the science in that field. Hence, one may perhaps refer to these as "lags" rather than myths.

Purkinje Cell Dendritic Swellings: A Postmortem Study of Essential Tremor and Other Cerebellar Degenerative Disorders.

Under stress, Purkinje cells (PCs) undergo a variety of reactive morphological changes. These can include swellings of neuronal processes. While axonal swellings, "torpedoes", have been well-studied, dendritic swellings (DS) have not been the centerpiece of study.

Baseline Depressive Symptoms as a Predictor of Incident Dementia in a Prospectively Followed Cohort of Elders with Essential Tremor.

Introduction: Essential tremor (ET) patients may exhibit a variety of non-motor features, including cognitive decline and depressive symptoms. Studies of several neurodegenerative diseases link depression to cognitive decline, suggesting depression is an early marker of dementia. We examined whether baseline depressive symptoms predict incident dementia in elders with ET.

Prescription Drug Utilization among Patients with Essential Tremor: A Cross-Sectional Study of More Than 36,000 Patients.

Background: Essential tremor (ET) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that affects an estimated 7 million individuals in the United States (ie, 2.2% of the entire U.S.

Subjective Sleep Disturbance and Lewy Pathology: Data from a Cohort of Essential Tremor Brain Donors.

Introduction: Sleep disturbances have been associated with essential tremor (ET). However, their pathophysiological underpinnings remain unknown. In this exploratory study, we examined the association between subjective sleep disturbances and the presence of Lewy pathology (LP) on postmortem brain examination in ET cases.

Prevalence of and Annual Conversion Rates to Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: Prospective, Longitudinal Study of an Essential Tremor Cohort.

Objective: Despite recent attention to cognitive impairment in essential tremor, few studies examine rates of conversion to diagnoses of mild cognitive impairment and dementia. Development of dementia in essential tremor is associated with loss of functional ability and a doubling of mortality rate. This prospective, longitudinal study comprehensively reports the prevalence and incidence of, and the annual rates of conversion to, mild cognitive impairment and dementia in an essential tremor cohort.

Pathologically based criteria to distinguish essential tremor from controls: analyses of the human cerebellum.

Objective: Essential tremor is among the most prevalent neurological diseases. Diagnosis is based entirely on neurological evaluation. Historically, there were few postmortem brain studies, hindering attempts to develop pathologically based criteria to distinguish essential tremor from control brains.

WHIGET and TETRAS Ratings of Action Tremor in Patients with Essential Tremor: Substantial Association and Agreement.

Background: Evaluating tremor severity is a critical component of diagnosing and clinically managing patients with essential tremor (ET). We examined the comparability of tremor severity ratings derived from two frequently used tremor rating scales: the Washington Heights-Inwood Genetic Study of Essential Tremor (WHIGET) rating scale and the Tremor Research Group Essential Tremor Rating Scale (TETRAS).

Methods: A trained assistant administered and videotaped a neurological examination, including eight items assessing upper limb action tremor (arms outstretched, arms in the wingbeat position, finger-nose-finger maneuver, and drawing of Archimedes spirals).

Sleep problems as predictors of cognitive decline in essential tremor: A prospective longitudinal cohort study.

Background: There is growing evidence that essential tremor (ET) patients are at high risk of cognitive impairment. Predictors of cognitive impairment have not been studied extensively. There is evidence from cross-sectional studies that sleep dysregulation is associated with cognitive dysfunction in ET, but longitudinal studies of the impact of sleep disruption on cognitive change have not been conducted.

Synaptic loss and its association with symptom severity in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the fastest growing neurodegenerative disease, but at present there is no cure, nor any disease-modifying treatments. Synaptic biomarkers from in vivo imaging have shown promise in imaging loss of synapses in PD and other neurodegenerative disorders. Here, we provide new clinical insights from a cross-sectional, high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) study of 30 PD individuals and 30 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) with the radiotracer [C]UCB-J, which binds to synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A), and is therefore, a biomarker of synaptic density in the living brain.

Reduced Bergmann glial process terminations and lateral appendages in essential tremor.

Objective: Postmortem examination of the essential tremor cerebellum has revealed a variety of pathological changes centered in and around Purkinje cells. Studies have predominantly focused on cerebellar neuronal connections. Bergmann glial morphology has not yet been studied in essential tremor.

Developing a Staging Scheme for Essential Tremor: A Discussion of Organizing Principles.

Essential tremor (ET) is a chronic, progressive neurological disease that may negatively affect patients' lives. While there has been considerable progress in ET research, some fundamental issues remain unaddressed. One such issue is .

A prospective cohort study of familial versus sporadic essential tremor cases: Do clinical features evolve differently across time?

Background: Although essential tremor (ET) is often divided into familial and sporadic cases, few data compare the evolution of clinical features in these groups over time. Leveraging data from a prospective, longitudinal study, we present analyses of the evolution of a broad range of cognitive, motor (i.e.

Decreased Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2A Binding in the Human Postmortem Essential Tremor Cerebellum: Evidence of Reduction in Synaptic Density.

Objective: Despite being one of the most prevalent neurological diseases, the pathophysiology of essential tremor (ET) is not fully understood. Neuropathological studies have identified numerous degenerative changes in the cerebellum of ET patients, however. These data align with considerable clinical and neurophysiological data linking ET to the cerebellum.

Stigma and Social Avoidance in Adults with Essential Tremor.

Background: People with essential tremor (ET) can be subject to stigma, and some adopt avoidance behaviors. Characteristics associated with ET stigma and the relationship between perceived stigma and social dysfunction have not been studied.

Objectives: To discern predictors of perceived stigma and social dysfunction in ET, and to identify potentially treatable psychological factors associated with social dysfunction.

ELectronic Archimedes spiral Neural Network (ELANN).

The Archimedes spiral is a clinical tool that aids in the diagnosis and monitoring of essential tremor. However, spiral ratings may vary based on experience and training of the rating physician. This study sought to generate an objective standard model for tremor evaluation using convolutional neural networks.

Essential tremor.

Essential tremor (ET) is a chronic and progressive neurologic disease. Its central and defining clinical feature is a 4-12Hz kinetic tremor, that is, tremor that occurs during voluntary movements such as drinking from a cup or writing. Patients may also exhibit a range of other tremors-postural, rest, intention, additional motor features (e.