Information consumption and firm size.

Social and biological collectives exchange information through internal networks to function. Less studied is the quantity and variety of information transmitted. We characterize the information flow into organizations, primarily business firms.

Constructing stability: optimal learning in noisy ecological niches.

Organisms can learn in response to environmental inputs as well as actively modify their environments through niche construction on slower evolutionary time scales. How quickly should an organism respond to a changing environment, and when possible, should organisms adjust the time scale of environmental change? We formulate these questions using a model of learning costs that considers optimal time scales of both memory and environment. We derive a general, sublinear scaling law for optimal memory as a function of environmental persistence.

CYLD Alterations Are Associated With Metastasis and Poor Prognosis in Human Papilloma Virus-Positive Head and Neck Cancer.

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV)-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an emerging epidemic and a subset of HPV-positive patients experience aggressive disease with metastases. The CYLD gene is frequently altered in HPV-positive HNSCC, but the role of these alterations in disease progression is poorly understood.

Methods: We identified 11 HPV-positive HNSCC patients with CYLD alterations and assessed their clinical course.

Biocompatible Solutions: Evaluating the Safety of Repeated Intra-Articular Injections of pMPCylated Liposomes for Knee Osteoarthritis Therapy in Rat Models.

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) poses a significant health care burden globally, necessitating innovative therapeutic approaches. CCoat, a novel poly(2-[methacryloyloxy]ethyl phosphorylcholine) (pMPC)ylated liposome device, protects the cartilage surface of the joint from mechanical wear through an entropy-favored process. Two preclinical studies were performed to explore the safety of CCoat following repeated intra-articular (IA) injections into the knee joint (i.

Progressive paraplegia after upper thoracic epidural block-related pneumorachis: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: While the typical symptom associated with pneumorachis after an epidural block is radiculopathy in one or several corresponding segments, there has been a rare case report of significant complications such as cardiac arrest leading to death, or paraplegia.

Case Presentation: We present a case of an eighty-nine-year-old male patient who developed progressive paraplegia following an upper thoracic epidural block-associated pneumorachis. The procedure was performed at a different hospital using the loss of resistance (LOR) technique.

Valence and interactions in judicial voting.

The collective statistics of voting on judicial courts present hints about their inner workings. Many approaches for studying these statistics, however, assume that judges' decisions are conditionally independent: a judge reaches a decision based on the case at hand and his or her personal views. In reality, judges interact.

Idea engines: Unifying innovation & obsolescence from markets & genetic evolution to science.

Innovation and obsolescence describe dynamics of ever-churning and adapting social and biological systems, concepts that encompass field-specific formulations. We formalize the connection with a reduced model of the dynamics of the "space of the possible" (e.g.

SARS-CoV-2 Aerosol and Intranasal Exposure Models in Ferrets.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic. Animal models are extremely helpful for testing vaccines and therapeutics and for dissecting the viral and host factors that contribute to disease severity and transmissibility. Here, we report the assessment and comparison of intranasal and small particle (~3 µm) aerosol SARS-CoV-2 exposure in ferrets.

Characterization of the Cynomolgus Macaque Model of Marburg Virus Disease and Assessment of Timing for Therapeutic Treatment Testing.

Marburg virus (MARV) causes severe disease and high mortality in humans. The objective of this study was to characterize disease manifestations and pathogenesis in cynomolgus macaques exposed to MARV. The results of this natural history study may be used to identify features of MARV disease useful in defining the ideal treatment initiation time for subsequent evaluations of investigational therapeutics using this model.

The rLVS Δ/ vaccine provides potent protection in Fischer rats against inhalational tularemia caused by various virulent strains.

is one of the several biothreat agents for which a licensed vaccine is needed. To ensure vaccine protection is achieved across a range of virulent strains, we assembled and characterized a panel of isolates to be utilized as challenge strains. A promising tularemia vaccine candidate is rLVS Δ/ (rLVS), in which the vector is the LVS strain with a deletion in the gene and which additionally expresses a fusion protein comprising immunodominant epitopes of proteins IglA, IglB, and IglC.

Effect of a Real-Time Audio Ventilation Feedback Device on the Survival Rate and Outcomes of Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of real-time audio ventilation feedback on the survival of patients with an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) performed by paramedics. This research was a prospective randomized controlled study performed in Busan, South Korea, from July 2022 to December 2022. This study included 121 patients, ages 19 and up, who were transferred to the study site, excluding 91 patients who did not receive CPR under a doctor's direction as well as those who had a '(DNR)' order among 212 adult CA patients.

Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy 2.0.

Following our first Special Issue, we are pleased to present this Special Issue in the entitled 'Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy 2 [...

Discovering the mesoscale for chains of conflict.

Conflicts, like many social processes, are related events that span multiple scales in time, from the instantaneous to multi-year development, and in space, from one neighborhood to continents. Yet, there is little systematic work on connecting the multiple scales, formal treatment of causality between events, and measures of uncertainty for how events are related to one another. We develop a method for extracting causally related chains of events that addresses these limitations with armed conflict.

Mild antecedent COVID-19 associated with symptom-specific post-acute sequelae.

Background: The impact of COVID-19 severity on development of long-term sequelae remains unclear, and symptom courses are not well defined.

Methods: This ambidirectional cohort study recruited adults with new or worsening symptoms lasting ≥3 weeks from confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between August 2020-December 2021. COVID-19 severity was defined as severe for those requiring hospitalization and mild for those not.

Using Sacubitril/Valsartan to Decrease Health care Costs in Population Health Patients.

Value-based care is the foundation of population health. The Health care Economic Efficiency Ratio (HEERO) scoring system is a promising new tool to measure the cost benefits of care in our Accountable Care Organization. HEERO score compares actual costs spent (utilizing insurance claims) and expected costs spent (estimated using the Centers for Medicare/Medicaid Services Risk score).

A Comparative Review of Pregnancy and Cancer and Their Association with Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 and 2.

The fundamental basis of pregnancy and cancer is to determine the fate of the survival or the death of humanity. However, the development of fetuses and tumors share many similarities and differences, making them two sides of the same coin. This review presents an overview of the similarities and differences between pregnancy and cancer.

Effect of resistance circuit training on health-related physical fitness, plasma lipid, and adiponectin in obese college students.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of resistance circuit training on health-related physical fitness, plasma lipid and adiponectin in obese college students. Twenty male college students participated in this study and they were randomly divided into the sedentary group (SG, n=10) and the resistance circuit training group (RCG, n=10). The exercise group underwent the resistance circuit training program for 60 min 3 times a week for 12 weeks, while the sedentary group continued activities of daily living as usual.

Effects of diet and castration on fatty acid composition and volatile compounds in the meat of Korean native black goats.

Objective: This study determined the effects of dietary treatments and castration on meat quality, fatty acids (FAs) profiles, and volatile compounds in Korean native black goats (KNBG, Capra hircus coreanae), including the relationship between the population of rumen microbiomes and meat FA profiles.

Methods: Twenty-four KNBG (48.6±1.

Macrophages and Wnts in Tissue Injury and Repair.

Macrophages are important players in the immune system that sense various tissue challenges and trigger inflammation. Tissue injuries are followed by inflammation, which is tightly coordinated with tissue repair processes. Dysregulation of these processes leads to chronic inflammation or tissue fibrosis.

Discovering sparse control strategies in neural activity.

Biological circuits such as neural or gene regulation networks use internal states to map sensory input to an adaptive repertoire of behavior. Characterizing this mapping is a major challenge for systems biology. Though experiments that probe internal states are developing rapidly, organismal complexity presents a fundamental obstacle given the many possible ways internal states could map to behavior.

Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy.

We are pleased to present this Special Issue of , entitled 'Placental Related Disorders of Pregnancy' [...

Overexpression of ERAP2N in Human Trophoblast Cells Promotes Cell Death.

The genes involved in implantation and placentation are tightly regulated to ensure a healthy pregnancy. The endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 2 (ERAP2) gene is associated with preeclampsia (PE). Our studies have determined that an isoform of ERAP2-arginine (N), expressed in trophoblast cells (TC), significantly activates immune cells, and ERAP2N-expressing TCs are preferentially killed by both cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and Natural Killer cells (NKCs).